Indica vs Sativa

Who would have thought that in marijuana there are different types of plants with completely different effects and benefits? The origin, the climate, the effects, and the physical characteristics are crucial in order, to differentiate the type of plant that you are going to use either in the clinical, pharmaceutical, or recreational field, as well as to know between Cannabis Sativa and Cannabis Indica in order, to be able to make the best selection of seeds according to your needs.

Marijuana is a well-known plant for its mind and body effects and it’s split into two main types: Sativa and Indica. Even though they come from the same family and have similar ingredients, they’re different in how they look and what they do when you use them. Let’s break it down simply:

What the plants look like:

Indica: This plant is short and looks like a bush with wide leaves. It grows well in cooler and mountainous areas.
Sativa: This one is tall and thin, with skinny, pointed leaves, kind of like a young pine tree. It likes hot and humid places.

How they make you feel:

Indica: It chills you out and can make you sleepy, like when you’re getting cozy in bed after a long day.
Sativa: It energizes you and wakes up your mind, great for when you need to do things that require imagination or when you’re hanging out with friends.

To put it simply: if you want to relax, go for Indica. If you want to be more alert and active, go for sativa. We’ll explain more about this soon so you can better understand how each one affects people differently.

The two subspecies of marijuana represent different adaptations to different climates. Sativa originates from the jungles of equatorial regions such as Thailand, Cambodia, Jamaica, Colombia, and Mexico, places that enjoy long hours of sunshine and constant light throughout the year. The Indica variety, on the other hand, comes from the Hindu Kush region, a vast mountain range of more than 800 kilometers that stretches from Afghanistan to China and is characterized by a very cold climate.

Climatic and physical characteristics

Cannabis Sativa is known for its ability to adapt to the heat of tropical climates, being resistant to low temperatures and showing an effective ability to prevent the growth of fungi commonly associated with humidity. Indicas, on the other hand, originate from mountainous climates, which enables them to withstand climatic challenges such as wind, rain, and frost.

Morphology and appearance:

Morphology of Cannabis Sativa

Cannabis Sativa plants, are distinguished by their unique morphology and appearance, which tend to be taller and more slender, with long, thin leaves, differentiating them from other marijuana species such as Indica and Ruderalis. The following points highlight the main morphological and appearance characteristics of Sativa:

1. Height and Structure: Cannabis sativa plants are typically tall and slender, with some varieties reaching heights of up to 20 feet (about 6 meters) under optimal conditions. They have a more open structure compared to the bushier Cannabis indica, allowing for greater light penetration throughout the plant.
2. Leaves: The leaves of Cannabis sativa are characteristically long and narrow with a light green color. They possess serrated edges and are composed of slender leaflets that are spread far apart. The number of leaflets can vary, usually between 5 to 13 per leaf.
3. Branching: Sativa plants have less dense branching compared to their indica counterparts, with branches extending outward and upward, giving the plant an airy appearance. This less compact structure is beneficial for air circulation and can help in reducing the risk of mold and fungal diseases in humid environments.
4. Flowers (Buds): The flowers of Cannabis sativa are elongated and less dense than those of indica plants. They tend to be more “fluffy” or airy and can appear on the plant as spaced, apart clusters. The flowering period for sativa strains is generally longer, often taking between 10 to 16 weeks to fully mature.
5. Trichomes: While both sativa and indica plants produce trichomes (the resinous glands containing cannabinoids), the concentration and distribution can vary. Sativa plants typically have a high concentration of trichomes on the flowers and surrounding foliage, contributing to their potent therapeutic and psychoactive properties.
6. Root System: Cannabis sativa plants develop a deep taproot system, which enables them to access water from deeper soil layers. This characteristic is beneficial for plants growing in arid conditions, allowing them to thrive where other plants might not.
7. Growth Pattern and Maturation: Sativa strains usually have a longer vegetative growth phase, which contributes to their tall stature. Their extended flowering time requires patience but can result in high yields of marijuana flowers.

Cannabis sativa strains are often associated with a cerebral, uplifting high, attributed to their higher concentration of THC in comparison to CBD. This makes them particularly popular for daytime use. The distinct morphology and appearance of sativa not only contribute to its cultivation requirements but also influence its effects and applications, making it a fav

Morphology of Cannabis Indica

Cannabis Indica plants have distinctive morphological traits, shorter and more compact appearance, with wider and denser leaves, traits that differentiate from Sativa and Ruderalis. The main characteristics of Indica are described below:

1. Height and Structure: Cannabis indica plants are generally shorter and bushier than their sativa counterparts, typically reaching heights of 2 to 4 feet (about 0.6 to 1.2 meters). They have a compact, dense structure, which makes them well-suited for indoor cultivation.
2. Leaves: The leaves of Cannabis indica are broad and dark green, with fewer but wider leaflets compared to sativa plants. Indica leaves often have between 7 to 9 leaflets, which are closer together, giving the leaf a fuller appearance.
3. Branching: Indica plants have dense branching, with closer internodal spaces. This compact growth habit results in a bushy appearance and contributes to their ability to produce more buds in a smaller space.
4. Flowers (Buds): The buds of Cannabis indica plants are typically dense, thick, and bulky, clustering around the plant’s nodes. Due to the plant’s compact nature, these buds are often heavier and more resinous than those of sativa strains, leading to higher yields per square foot in controlled environments.
5. Trichomes: Cannabis indica plants are known for their abundant trichome production, which covers the buds and surrounding foliage in a thick layer of crystalline resin. This resin is rich in cannabinoids like THC and CBD, making indica strains highly potent.
6. Root System: Indica plants have a more spread-out root system compared to the deep taproot of sativa plants. This characteristic makes them more adaptable to various growing mediums and efficient in nutrient uptake from the soil.
7. Growth Pattern and Maturation: Cannabis indica strains have a shorter vegetative growth phase and a faster flowering cycle than sativa strains, often maturing in 6 to 8 weeks. This quick turnaround makes them attractive to cultivators looking for a fast crop.
8. Effects: Indica strains are traditionally associated with a sedative, body-centric effect, often referred to as a “body high.” This makes them popular for evening use, providing relaxation and aiding in sleep.

The morphology and appearance of Cannabis indica are not just significant for identification; they also have practical implications for cultivation and use. The compact, dense growth of indica plants makes them particularly suited for indoor or space-constrained environments. Their potent, resinous buds are favored for their strong therapeutic effects, offering relief from pain, anxiety, insomnia, and more.

Chemical and Psychoactive Composition

Both subspecies contain a variety of chemical compounds, but the proportions of these compounds can vary.

Cannabis Sativa: Sativas tend to have higher levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the compound responsible for the psychoactive effects. They may also contain significant amounts of cannabidiol (CBD), which has health properties, but in lower proportions than THC.

Cannabis Indica: Indicas generally have slightly lower THC levels than Sativas, but can still be potent. They tend to have a more balanced ratio of THC and CBD, which can result in a more relaxing and sedative effect.

When it comes to psychoactive effects, it is important to remember that although both Sativa and Indica contain THC, the effects and reactions vary greatly depending on the type of plant.

So which strain is right for me? Amsterdam Marijuana Seeds can tell you:

Sativa is known for its properties that induce a state of euphoria and greater sociability compared to the Indica variety. This sub-species enhances perception, intensifying the appreciation of colors and sounds while stimulating creativity and thinking. Sativa is used to relieve stress, anxiety, depression, nausea, migraines, and as an appetite stimulant, among other wellness benefits.

On the other hand, Indica, known for its relaxing and sedative properties, is highly effective in the treatment of insomnia and a variety of conditions. It is widely used to alleviate neuromuscular disorders such as tremors and, spasms, and to combat chronic pain. It is also a valuable option for reducing anxiety and stress and stimulating appetite in patients who need it.

Alternative uses

Cannabis Sativa: Sativas are often used to treat depression, anxiety and to improve mood. They can also be useful in treating attention deficit disorder and stimulating appetite.

Cannabis Indica: Indicas are preferred for the treatment of chronic pain, insomnia, anxiety and to relax tense muscles. They are also commonly used to treat gastrointestinal disorders.

It is important to note that due to hybridisation and genetic variability of marijuana strains, classification as sativa or indica is not always accurate. In addition, individual experience with these subspecies may vary between individuals and specific strains.

Sativa and Indica are two subspecies with marked differences in morphology, chemical composition, psychoactive effects, and alternative uses. The choice between one or the other depends on the personal preferences and therapeutic needs of each individual.

Cultivating Your Green Haven Year-Round

As the cold weather approaches and outdoor growers retreat indoors to continue their cultivation throughout the winter, the importance of choosing the right lighting for indoor growing becomes paramount. With a myriad of illumination options available, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. But fear not, for we are here to guide you through the process, helping you create a thriving indoor garden that will yield bountiful results throughout the year.

Illuminate the Path to Successful Indoor Growing Weed

When it comes to indoor cultivation, lighting is undeniably one of the most crucial factors to consider. Not only does lighting play a vital role in manipulating the natural light cycles of marijuana plants, but it also serves as, the catalyst for photosynthesis—the process by which plants create their own, nourishment. Within the leaves of cannabis plants, chlorophyll acts as a light-absorbing pigment, harnessing light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into food sugar.

The process of photosynthesis is directly influenced by the color, duration, and intensity of light received by the plant. By strategically altering these factors, you have the power to impact your plant’s food production. Cool blue and warm orange are examples of illumination colors that enhance a plant’s ability to generate sustenance. During the summer months, cool light is most beneficial, promoting dense and well-shaped growth. In contrast, warm-colored light during the fall harvest months induces the development of vibrant flowers. In essence, cool colors stimulate growth, while warm colors act as catalysts for flowering.

Embracing Darkness: The Role of Light Cycles

Beyond light color, the duration of light exposure your cannabis plant receives is of utmost importance. By adhering to specific light cycles, you can ensure optimal growth and flowering. During the growth phase, it is recommended to provide your young plants with 18 hours of light and 6 hours of uninterrupted darkness. This extended period of light exposure fuels vigorous vegetative growth. However, once the plant is ready to flower, adjusting the light cycle to 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness triggers the flowering process.

The flexibility of indoor cultivation allows you to customize the light cycle based on your preferences and the needs of your plants. This is especially beneficial during the winter months when maintaining a consistent temperature is challenging. By utilizing the ability to leave the lights on during the night and off during the day, you can create a more stable environment, minimizing temperature fluctuations and providing a nurturing space for your plants.

Choosing the Right Lamps: Illuminating Your Indoor Oasis

Selecting the appropriate lamps for your indoor grow room requires careful consideration of various factors. Firstly, assess the amount of light intensity required for your plants’ growth stage. Secondly, consider the size of your grow room, as this will determine the number and placement of lamps needed. It is essential to evaluate the electrical capabilities of the room to ensure that the chosen lamps can be adequately powered. Additionally, contemplate the preferred light color that aligns with the specific growth stage and desired outcomes. Lastly, establish a budget and compare the prices of different illumination options, keeping in mind that lighting systems are long-term investments that can incur higher costs due to their power consumption.

Fluorescent lamps with a broad color spectrum are particularly beneficial for seedlings that have not yet developed large leaves. These lamps provide ample light and support the initial stages of growth.

Indoor growers seeking maximum intensity per watt would benefit from high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS). Known for their efficiency and cost-effectiveness, HPS lamps emit a warm orange glow, which triggers plant hormones that facilitate bud development and flowering. While HPS lamps excel at providing warm light, they are less proficient in emitting cool blue light. Consequently, they are best suited for the flowering stage of growth. If you were to use an HPS bulb for seedlings, it is advisable to keep the lamps at a lower height (approximately 80 cm/31.50 inches) to encourage rapid horizontal growth. Early pruning can also help control plant height and prevent excessive stretching.

On the other hand, metal halide lamps (MH) are highly efficient and serve as an excellent primary light source for indoor growers. Emitting one of the brightest cool lights available, MH lamps are ideal for promoting foliage growth and cultivating robust plants. With an average lifespan of 10,000 hours, MH lamps retain their glow for an extended period. However, it is important to note that over time, the energy they emit within the blue range diminishes. Therefore, regular assessment and potential replacement of MH lamps are necessary to maintain optimal illumination conditions.

Expert Tips for Successful Indoor Growing Weed

To ensure the success of your indoor cultivation journey, consider the following tips:

1. Maintain Adequate Distance: Pay close attention to the proximity of your plants to the light source. If the lamps are too close, they may cause light burn and damage your precious foliage. Strive to maintain a safe distance between the lamps and plants to avoid such undesirable outcomes.
2. Achieve Balance: Provide all your plants with a consistent and equal amount of light. Avoid overcrowding, as taller plants may overshadow their smaller counterparts, depriving them of much-needed light. To overcome this challenge, consider using bins or adjustable platforms to elevate smaller plants closer to the light source, ensuring equitable light distribution.
3. Cultivate a Year-Round Bliss: Embrace the advantages of indoor cultivation, relishing a year-round supply of your favorite buds. Although setting up your indoor oasis may seem initially daunting, the rewards will be reaped one bud at a time. With careful attention to illumination, you can create an optimal environment for your plants to thrive regardless of the season.

In conclusion, selecting the ideal illumination system for indoor growing is a decision that warrants thoughtful consideration. By understanding the profound impact of light color, cycle duration, and intensity on your plants, you can make informed choices that maximize yield potential. Whether you opt for fluorescent lamps, high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS), or metal halide lamps (MH), remember to strike a balance and provide optimal conditions for your plants to thrive. Embrace the joys of indoor cultivation and revel in the delights of a bountiful harvest, regardless of the season.

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When can I harvest marijuana?

We are glad that you are here with us and have been growing cannabis. Now want to know when is the right time to harvest cannabis. The moment to reap what you have sown, the reward of your hard work, a labor of love, we hope.

Cannabis cultivation is not just watering cannabis plants. Many factors influence the growth and development of your plants. Luckily your experience and familiarity with the cannabis plants will grow too. I know a couple of master growers who have developed a sixth sense for the plant. They can almost predict the future while looking at a fan leaf and know the optimal harvest time to a tee creating the most gorgeous and powerful buds. (#lifegoals)

So keeping a close eye on your cannabis plants and knowing what to look for can make all the difference in determining the right time to harvest!

Monitor the entire plant and check the lower buds. Are they not too low, so they don’t get wet from the irrigation system? Learn to read the leaves and check the underside, as some monsters hide under the fan leaves. If you care for your cannabis plant, check in daily or once in a few days to develop a routine that you can follow to the letter. This will give you an overview to see if something is off and where / what to look. Practice makes perfect!

Don’t be afraid to investigate further; if something is off but can’t find it straight away, cut up a large fan leaf to inspect it thoroughly. Like the buds, you can sample buds to look for evidence of insects, mold, or bud rot. Better safe than sorry; if you catch a “plague” on time, you can control the damage to just a few plants, Saving your harvest!

The naked eye is not always good enough for a good inspection. So get a nice magnifying glass, and while you are at it, a lab coat too. You will not only see more but look very professional while doing so.

When is the best time to harvest cannabis plants?

The answer may vary depending on who you ask, but most experts agree that the ideal time to harvest is when 50-70% of the cannabis trichomes are ready.

What do trichomes look like when ready to harvest?

Some mature trichomes are completely yellow; a few can remain milky white, while others have amber trichomes. You must wait until 70% of the clear trichomes have turned into solid amber trichomes to obtain higher amounts of CBD & THC. It’s the time when many growers harvest their cannabis plants.

The curing process

The curing stage of the harvested cannabis plant is an art form that growers have perfected over the years. The goal of curing is to preserve the potency and flavor of the buds while reducing the risk of mold or pest infestation.

The most important step in drying cannabis is carefully controlling humidity and temperature levels. If the buds are too dry, they will lose their potency and flavor. They will be susceptible to mold and pests if they are too moist. The ideal relative humidity for curing cannabis is between 60-65%. The buds should also be stored in a dark, airtight container such as a mason jar. The jars should be opened daily to allow the buds to “breathe”. Depending on the desired results, the curing process can take anywhere from two weeks to two months. By taking the time, and we can not emphasize that enough, hasting now when you have invested 10 to 12 weeks already is no gain. Take your time to cure your harvest; this way, you be sure that your Cannabis buds are of the highest quality.

Marijuana plant anatomy

Just in case you do not know it yet, here is a summary of the anatomy of the whole plant so you know which parts to focus on when determining harvest time.

Fan leaves

The fan leaves of a weed plant are so conspicuous that they have become the universal symbol for weed. What the layman does not know, however, is that the leaves contain deficient levels of THC.

THC

They can provide good indicators for the plant’s maturity, but they are mostly thrown out after trimming.

Stem

This part of the plant contains more THC than the leaf. For this reason, the stem of a cannabis plant is used as an additive for concentrates and tinctures.

Flower or bud

This is inarguably the most important part of a marijuana plant. Most farmers harvest it, which is the best indicator of when to harvest cannabis. Especially in the final days, keep a close eye on the cannabis flowers as bud rot can occur quickly.

Pistil

This is the female part of a flower and can be easily identified. The pistil of the marijuana plant is a red or orange hair-like feature that emerges from the flower. While the pistil does not contain any THC, it plays a big role in determining when to harvest marijuana.

Sugar leaves

, Unlike fan leaves, the sugar leaves of a weed plant have a high THC concentration. You can identify them easily since they grow out of the flower bud, with only the tips peeking through to the outside. They are normally not smoked since they have a plant-like test, but there are many other things they can be used for.

Trichomes

Trichomes are the tiny crystals on the leaves and buds that contain the plant’s cannabinoids. They are sticky and contain the highest levels of THC. They are also the best indicators of when to harvest marijuana.

How to observe marijuana plant maturity

CBN and THC levels

As we have seen above, the trichomes of a marijuana plant produce the highest amount of THC. The color of the trichomes can determine the amount contained at any time. There reaches a point where the trichomes produce the maximum amount of THC, and this is when the plant is at its peak potency. The THC level is very psychoactive and provides energy to the user.

Since the plant is constantly exposed to the sun and air, the level of THC in the trichomes breaks down after peak potency. UV rays and oxygen break down THC to cannabinol (CBN). CBN is a good sedative and produces a soothing, relaxing effect on the user. The many benefits of CBN include helping with pain, which is what many people with cancer or chronic pain are prescribed. The upside or downside of CBN is that it does not have psychoactive effects. Most growers do not let their weed reach the CBN levels regardless of all of its benefits.

When to harvest cannabis to get THC

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) is a chemical found in marijuana that causes much of the ‘high’ associated with the plant. Since most users want this high, many farmers wait until their plants are ripe with THC before they harvest marijuana plants.

To know when to harvest cannabis plants with high levels of THC, you must pay attention to the trichomes in flowers. The little ball at the top of a trichome is where all the cannabis goodness is located. You can easily see the changes in this area using a microscope. Here are the things to look out for:

When to harvest weed based on the effects

Since different harvest times give different effects to the user, when to harvest cannabis should depend on what kind of weed effect you desire. Here is a summary of when to harvest based on the different kinds of high:

Another way you can determine when to harvest cannabis for the different effects depends on the pistil color.