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The Updated Guide to Buying Cannabis in a Legal Dispensary

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buying cannabis at a dispensary

Over the past two decades, the cannabis industry has grown from a seedling into a towering redwood. What started as a whisper of “medical only” has blossomed into a full-throated roar of recreational legalization across much of the United States. As a long-time cannabis enthusiast and industry observer, I’ve watched in awe as this once-taboo plant has transformed into a multi-billion dollar juggernaut.

But with this explosive growth comes a dizzying array of new products, terms, and technologies that can leave even seasoned stoners scratching their heads. From dabs to distillates, terpenes to tinctures, the cannabis lexicon has expanded faster than my appetite after a hefty bong rip.

Even if you’re stuck in a prohibition state, chances are these new-fangled products are finding their way to your local dealers. So whether you’re a medical patient seeking relief, a casual toker looking to elevate your weekend, or just a curious cat wanting to understand what all the fuss is about, this guide is for you.

Consider this your Rosetta Stone for the modern dispensary experience. We’ll decode the jargon, demystify the products, and arm you with the knowledge to navigate this brave new world of weed. So sit back, relax, and let’s embark on a journey through the ever-expanding cannabis dispensary cosmos. Your perfect high awaits!

 

One of the biggest sources of confusion in the cannabis world is the distinction between hemp and cannabis. It’s like trying to tell the difference between identical twins – they look the same, smell the same, but boy oh boy, are they different!

Technically speaking, both hemp and cannabis are varieties of the Cannabis sativa plant. The main difference? It’s all about the THC content.  Hemp is legally defined as cannabis plants containing 0.3% THC or less. Anything above that magical number? That’s what we call cannabis, or as your grandpappy might say, “marijuana.”

Now, don’t get it twisted – hemp isn’t just some boring, non-psychoactive plant. It’s the Swiss Army knife of the plant world! We’re talking textiles, building materials, food products, and even biofuel. Hemp is the overachiever of the cannabis family, always trying to save the world while cannabis is out there getting people baked.

Speaking of “marijuana,” let’s address the elephant in the room. That term? It’s about as outdated as your dad’s bell-bottom jeans. It was popularized during the Reefer Madness era by charming fellows like newspaper tycoon Randolph Hearst and America’s first drug czar, Harry Anslinger. These delightful chaps used the Spanish-sounding word to stir up anti-immigrant sentiment and demonize cannabis. This is one of the rabbit holes that you go down where you realize just how corrupt everything can be.

Now, here’s where it gets interesting. While most hemp products won’t get you high, some crafty folks have found loopholes in the law to create psychoactive products from hemp. We’re talking Delta-8 THC, HHC, and other alphabet soup cannabinoids that’ll make your head spin – both figuratively and literally.

Now that we’ve got that out of the way, let’s move onto the next segments.

Ah, the classic cannabis flower – the OG of the marijuana world. This is what most people picture when they think of weed: those sticky, fragrant buds that look like little green Christmas trees.

Flower is the smokable part of the female cannabis plant, harvested and cured to perfection. It’s versatile as hell – you can smoke it in a joint, pack it in a bowl, or vaporize it if you’re feeling fancy. Each strain of flower has its own unique profile of cannabinoids and terpenes, giving it distinct effects and flavors.

From the pine-scented Blue Dream to the fruity Pineapple Express, there’s a flower out there for every palate and preference. Just remember, like a fine wine, quality matters – so don’t cheap out on the schwag! But if there’s only schwag available, buy it, take it’s seeds, and start growing your own.

Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds in cannabis that make you feel “groovy, man.” Think of them as the secret sauce of the plant. THC and CBD are the rockstars of the cannabinoid world, but there are over 100 of these bad boys in cannabis.

They interact with our body’s endocannabinoid system, affecting everything from mood and pain perception to appetite and sleep. Some, like THC, are psychoactive (hello, high!), while others, like CBD, are non-intoxicating but still therapeutic. It’s like nature’s pharmacy, with each cannabinoid playing a different role. CBN might help you sleep, CBG could fight inflammation, and THCV might curb your munchies.

The interplay between these compounds creates what’s known as the “entourage effect” – proving that sometimes, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Delta-9 THC is the celebrity of the cannabis world, the main event, the reason most folks show up to the party. This psychoactive compound is responsible for that classic “high” feeling – you know, when everything’s hilarious and a bag of chips becomes a gourmet meal.

It works by binding to cannabinoid receptors in your brain, altering your perception, mood, and cognitive function. But it’s not all giggles and munchies – Delta-9 THC can also help with pain relief, nausea, and appetite stimulation, making it valuable for medical users too. Just remember, like that friend who always takes things too far, a little Delta-9 goes a long way. Start low and go slow, unless you want to become one with your couch for the next few hours.

Alright, let’s tackle the great Indica vs. Sativa debate. Technically speaking, this classification is about as scientifically accurate as your horoscope. Modern cannabis is so crossbred that pure Indicas or Sativas are rarer than a unicorn riding a rainbow.

However, these terms are still widely used to describe the effects of different strains. Indicas are generally associated with a body-focused high – think couch-lock, munchies, and a nice, sleepy vibe. Perfect for Netflix and chill.

Sativas are usually described as more energizing and cerebral – great for creative pursuits or socializing. Hybrids? They’re the best of both worlds, combining traits from both in various ratios. Just remember, your mileage may vary – one person’s “energizing” Sativa might send another straight to dreamland. It’s all about finding what works for you.

Concentrates and extracts are like cannabis on steroids – all the good stuff, concentrated down into a potent little package. These products are made by extracting cannabinoids and terpenes from the plant material, resulting in a much higher concentration of the active compounds. We’re talking up to 90% THC in some cases – not for the faint of heart!

There’s a whole world of concentrates out there: shatter, wax, budder, crumble, live resin, rosin… each with its own consistency and method of production. Some are extracted using solvents like butane or CO2, while others are made using heat and pressure. They can be dabbed, vaporized, or added to flower for an extra kick.

Just remember, with great power comes great responsibility – start small with concentrates, or you might find yourself having a very intense conversation with your houseplants.

Dabs are the Mike Tyson’s of the cannabis world – concentrated doses of cannabis that pack a serious punch. We’re talking a single hit that could put you on your ass faster than you can say “pass the torch.”

Dabbing involves vaporizing a small amount of concentrate on a hot surface and inhaling the resulting vapor. It’s like the espresso shot of weed – intense, fast-acting, and not for the people who aren’t experienced with weed. While dabs can be great for experienced users or medical patients needing quick relief, they shouldn’t become your go-to method.

If you’re waking and baking with dabs every morning, it might be time to reassess your relationship with Mary Jane. Treat dabs like the cherry on top of your cannabis sundae – a special treat, not the main course. Remember, kids: with great power comes great responsibility (and potentially a very intense couch-lock or green out.)

Terpenes and flavonoids are the unsung heroes of the cannabis world, the Beyoncé’s backup dancers of weed, if you will.

Terpenes are aromatic compounds that give cannabis its distinct smell and flavor. That skunky odor? Terpenes. That citrusy taste? Terpenes again. But they’re not just about smell and taste – terpenes also play a role in the effects of cannabis, contributing to the entourage effect.

Myrcene might make you sleepy, while limonene could perk you up. Flavonoids, on the other hand, are phytonutrients that contribute to the color and flavor of cannabis. They also have potential health benefits, like anti-inflammatory properties. Together, terpenes and flavonoids create the unique personality of each cannabis strain. It’s like nature’s own essential oil diffuser, but way more fun.

Distillates are the pure, uncut diamonds of the cannabis world. These highly refined extracts are produced through a process of… well, distillation (shocking, I know). The result? A clear, potent liquid that can contain up to 99% pure cannabinoids.

It’s like the Everclear of weed – flavorless, odorless, and guaranteed to knock your socks off if you’re not careful. Distillates are incredibly versatile. You can dab them, vape them, or use them to make edibles. They’re popular in vape cartridges because they’re smooth and don’t clog up the hardware. The downside? In the process of creating such a pure product, you lose most of the terpenes and other compounds that contribute to the entourage effect. It’s a bit like listening to a song with only the vocals – you get the main event, but you might miss the richness of the full band.

Live resin is the fresh-squeezed orange juice of the cannabis world – capturing all the vibrant flavors and aromas of the living plant. Unlike other concentrates that use dried and cured buds, live resin is made from fresh-frozen cannabis plants. This preserves a higher percentage of terpenes, resulting in a more flavorful and aromatic product.

It’s like the difference between dried herbs and fresh ones – sure, they’re both basil, but one’s got a lot more oomph.

Live resin tends to have a saucy, glossy appearance and a more complex flavor profile than other concentrates. It’s popular among cannabis connoisseurs for its full-spectrum effects and rich terpene content. If you’re looking to really taste your weed, live resin is the way to go. Just be prepared for a hefty price tag – all that flavor doesn’t come cheap!

Rosin is the DIY champion of cannabis concentrates – no fancy lab equipment or solvents required. This golden, sappy extract is made by applying heat and pressure to cannabis flower, hash, or kief. It’s like giving your weed a really intense hug until it sweats out all the good stuff. The result is a clean, full-spectrum concentrate that retains the plant’s original terpene profile.

Rosin has gained popularity for its purity and simplicity – there’s no risk of residual solvents because, well, there are no solvents. It’s so simple to make that some folks press their own rosin at home (though I wouldn’t recommend trying this without proper equipment, unless you want to turn your hair straightener into a very expensive paperweight). Rosin can be dabbed, vaporized, or even added to joints for an extra kick. It’s like the artisanal, small-batch craft beer of the cannabis world – pure, potent, and full of flavor.

A budtender is like the sommelier of the cannabis world, but way cooler and probably with more tattoos.

These knowledgeable folks are the front-line workers in dispensaries, guiding customers through the often overwhelming world of weed. Need something to help you sleep? They’ve got you covered. Looking for a strain that won’t make you paranoid at parties? They can recommend just the thing.

A good budtender is part educator, part salesperson, and part therapist – they’re there to answer your questions, offer recommendations, and sometimes just listen to you ramble about that weird dream you had last night. They’re the backbone of a good dispensary, making sure you don’t accidentally buy a super-potent sativa when you’re looking for something to chill you out. Just remember, not everything they say should be taken as medical advice. They know more about weed than you (probably), but that doesn’t make them the ultimate authority on it. They are trying to sell you weed after all!

Welcome to the wacky world of weed weights, where an eighth isn’t always an eighth and a dime bag doesn’t cost a dime anymore.

An ounce (oz) is the gold standard in cannabis measurements – about 28 grams, or enough to keep you happily baked for… well, that depends on how much you smoke, doesn’t it?

From there, we break it down into fractions: a quarter (7g), an eighth (3.5g), and so on. Some states get fancy with tenths (2.83g) and fifths (5.66g) of an ounce. Then there’s the metric system chiming in with grams and milligrams for concentrates and edibles.

It’s like a high school math problem come to life. Just remember, a pound of weed doesn’t weigh the same as a pound of feathers – because weed is way more fun to smoke. And always double-check your dispensary receipt – math is hard enough when you’re sober!

Pre-rolls are the fast food of the cannabis world – convenient, readily available, and perfect when you’re too lazy (or too high) to roll your own. These pre-rolled joints come in a variety of sizes and strains, from single-serving pinners to party-sized king cones.

They’re great for beginners who haven’t mastered the art of rolling, or for anyone who values convenience over craftsmanship. Some are just pure flower, while others might be infused with concentrates or rolled in kief for an extra kick.

But buyer beware – not all pre-rolls are created equal.

Some less reputable dispensaries might use lower quality shake or trim to fill their joints. It’s like getting a mystery meat hot dog – it’ll do the job, but you might not want to know what’s inside.

When in doubt, ask your budtender about the quality of their pre-rolls. And remember, just because it’s pre-rolled doesn’t mean you have to smoke the whole thing at once!

Ah, the classic debate: blunts vs joints. It’s like the Rolling Stones vs the Beatles but for weed.

Joints are the OG – cannabis rolled in thin paper, often with a filter or “crutch” at one end. They’re simple, classic, and let the flavor of the weed shine through. Blunts, on the other hand, are cannabis wrapped in tobacco leaf or a tobacco-based paper. They’re bigger, burn slower, and add a nicotine buzz to your high.

Blunts are like the party animal cousin of the more laid-back joint. Some folks swear by the flavor combination of weed and tobacco, while others prefer to keep their cannabis pure. Rolling either one is considered an art form in certain circles – there’s nothing quite like the satisfaction of rolling a perfect cone.

Whether you prefer joints or blunts often comes down to personal preference. Just remember, if you’re smoking blunts, you’re also consuming tobacco – something to keep in mind if you’re trying to avoid nicotine.

Welcome to the hardware store of getting high! Bongs, bubblers, and pipes are the tools of the trade for many cannabis enthusiasts. Bongs, also known as water pipes, filter smoke through water for a smoother hit. They come in all shapes and sizes, from simple beakers to elaborate multi-chamber monstrosities that look like they belong in a mad scientist’s lab.

Bubblers are like the love child of a bong and a pipe – portable like a pipe, but with water filtration like a bong. They’re perfect for when you want a smoother hit on the go.

Pipes are the simple, no-frills option – just pack, light, and puff. They’re portable, easy to use, and come in countless designs, from basic spoons to intricate glass art pieces. Each method has its pros and cons – bongs give smoother hits but are less portable, pipes are convenient but harsher, and bubblers try to strike a balance. It’s like choosing between a sports car, an SUV, or a motorcycle – they’ll all get you where you’re going, just in different styles.

Welcome to the wild west of cannabis chemistry! These compounds are like THC’s quirky cousins – similar, but with their own unique personalities.

Delta-8 and Delta-10 THC are isomers of our good friend Delta-9, offering a milder high with potentially fewer side effects.

HHC (Hexahydrocannabinol) is a hydrogenated form of THC, while THCP is a naturally occurring cannabinoid that’s supposedly 30 times more potent than Delta-9.

These compounds often exist in a legal grey area – they can be derived from federally legal hemp, making them technically legal in some places where cannabis isn’t. But here’s the kicker: many of these products are synthesized in labs, not extracted directly from plants. This means less regulatory oversight and potentially more health risks. It’s like the difference between homemade moonshine and store-bought whiskey – one might get you buzzed, but the other might make you go blind. While these cannabinoids offer interesting possibilities, approach with caution and always buy from reputable sources.

Charas is the OG of cannabis concentrates, the granddaddy of hash. This hand-made concentrate comes from the Indian subcontinent and has been used for thousands of years. Unlike other concentrates, charas is made from live cannabis plants.

Makers literally rub the sticky, resin-covered buds between their hands until the resin builds up into a dark, malleable ball. It’s like the Play-Doh, but way more fun for adults. The result is a full-spectrum concentrate that retains all the plant’s terpenes and cannabinoids. Charas is typically smoked in a chillum or mixed with tobacco in a joint. It’s not as potent as modern concentrates, but it makes up for it in flavor and tradition.

Finding real charas outside of its native regions is rare, but if you ever get the chance to try it, you’ll be partaking in a piece of cannabis history. Just be prepared for some seriously sticky fingers! You could always just make your own as well, but you’ll need a lot of plants.

Grinders are a stoner’s essential if they partake in flower. These trusty sidekicks make your smoking experience so much better. These nifty devices break down your bud into a more consistent texture, making for an even burn in joints or bowls.

A good grinder can make your weed go further and hit smoother. Most grinders have multiple chambers – the top for grinding, a middle chamber for catching the ground herb, and often a bottom chamber for collecting kief (those precious, potent trichomes that fall off during grinding). They come in all materials, from basic plastic to fancy titanium, and in sizes ranging from tiny pocket grinders to electric ones that can handle industrial quantities. Some even have fancy features like clear tops or built-in rolling trays. Using a grinder versus breaking up weed with your fingers is like the difference between chopped herbs and torn leaves in cooking – it just works better.

Plus, you get to collect kief, which is like finding bonus nuggets at the bottom of your McDonald’s bag.

Welcome to the high-tech world of cannabis consumption! Vapes come in more flavors than a Baskin Robbins, each with its own pros and cons. Cartridges (carts) are pre-filled with cannabis oil and attach to a battery. They’re discreet and convenient, but quality can vary wildly – some are pure distillate, others have added terpenes or even sketchy cutting agents.

Flower vaporizers heat dry herb without combustion, giving you the full spectrum of plant compounds without the smoke. They’re like the vinyl records of vapes – purists swear by them. Concentrate vaporizers are for dabs on the go, handling waxes and shatters with ease. They’re potent but can be messy – not ideal for your white pants. Vape pens are the all-in-one solution, often disposable. They’re perfect for beginners or stealth tokers, but not always the most cost-effective or environmentally friendly option. Choose your vape adventure wisely!

Kief is like the fairy dust of the cannabis world – a magical powder that can elevate your high to new dimensions. It’s made up of the trichomes that fall off your bud during handling or grinding.

These tiny crystals are packed with cannabinoids and terpenes, making kief significantly more potent than regular flower. Collecting kief is like saving up for a rainy day – a little patience yields a powerful reward. Many grinders have a special chamber to catch this precious powder. Kief can be sprinkled on top of bowls or joints for an extra kick (known as “crowning”), pressed into hash, or used to make potent edibles.

Some folks even dab it, though that can be a bit harsh. The best part? It’s essentially a free bonus that comes with your weed. It’s like finding an onion ring in your fries – a delightful surprise that makes everything better. Just remember, a little goes a long way – kief is not for the faint of heart!

Rolling papers are another stoner essential, the thin vessels that cradle your precious herb. These delicate sheets come in a dizzying array of options – from classic wood pulp to hemp, rice, and even gold-plated papers for when you’re feeling fancy.

Size matters too, from single-wide for personal joints to king-size for sharing (or not, we don’t judge). Then there’s thickness – thin papers burn faster and let you taste more of the weed, while thicker ones are easier to roll but might harsh your flavor. Some papers come with tips or filters built-in, perfect for butterfingers who struggle with crutches. Flavored papers can add a twist to your smoke, but purists might cry sacrilege

. Ultimately, choosing rolling papers is like picking a wine glass – it’s all about personal preference and what enhances your experience. Just remember, no matter how pretty the paper, it’s what’s inside that counts!

Well, folks, we’ve blazed through a forest of cannabis terminology faster than Snoop Dogg at a free joint giveaway. From the basics of flower to the high-tech world of vapes, we’ve covered more ground than a seasoned budtender on a busy Friday night. But here’s the million-dollar question: did I miss anything?

Cannabis is a rapidly evolving field, with new products, methods, and terms popping up faster than you can say “puff, puff, pass.” So, while I’ve done my best to cover the essentials, there’s always a chance some newfangled cannabis contraption or term has slipped through the cracks. That’s the beauty (and the challenge) of this industry – it’s always growing and changing, kind of like that plant you forgot about in the back of your closet.

Speaking of growth, consider this guide a living document. As the cannabis world continues to expand and innovate, I’ll be updating this guide faster than you can roll a joint. New terms, new products, new ways to get baked – I’ll be on it like white on rice (papers).

Now, here’s where you come in, my fellow cannabis enthusiasts. Has this guide helped you navigate the oft-confusing world of dispensaries?

Are you now confidently strutting into your local weed shop, throwing around terms like “live resin” and “terpene profile” like a pro? Or are you still scratching your head, wondering what the heck a “dab” is and why it sounds like something your grandma would disapprove of?

Drop me a line and let me know how this guide has affected your cannabis buying experience. After all, knowledge is power, and in this case, it might just lead to a more enjoyable, effective, and safe cannabis journey.

Stay lifted, my friends!

 

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HHC vs. Delta 9: Differences & Similarities

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Cannabis has so many compounds, and two that have been making the rounds lately are HHC and Delta 9 THC. They’re not the same thing, even though they’re both cannabinoids that interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system. Some people want a mild, steady experience, while others might be looking for something more intense. Understanding these two can help you figure out what’s right for you.

What Is HHC?

HHC, short for hexahydrocannabinol, is a hydrogenated version of THC. It’s not something you’d find naturally in large amounts in cannabis plants. Instead, it’s made through a process that adds hydrogen molecules to THC. The result? A more stable compound that’s less prone to breaking down when exposed to heat or UV light.

How HHC Is Made

Think of it like a science experiment. HHC is usually created in a lab by taking Delta 9 or Delta 8 THC and using hydrogenation—basically, combining it with hydrogen under pressure and in the presence of a catalyst. This process changes its structure while keeping its effects somewhat similar to THC.

Common Uses and Effects of HHC

People who use HHC say it’s somewhere between Delta 8 and Delta 9 in terms of effects. It’s often described as relaxing but without being overly sedative. You might feel a light buzz, reduced stress, or mild euphoria. Some even claim it helps with discomfort or improving sleep, but solid research is still catching up. Since it’s less potent than Delta 9, it’s often favored by those who want a manageable experience without the strong psychoactive punch.

If you’re interested in trying HHC and Delta 9 for yourself, check out their wide range of products at trycandycloud.com. They’ve got everything from gummies to disposable vapes, all crafted for a smooth experience.

What Is Delta 9 THC?

Delta 9 THC is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. It’s the reason you feel “high” when you use weed. Chemically speaking, Delta 9 has a double bond in its ninth carbon chain, which plays a big role in how it interacts with your brain.

Natural Occurrence in Cannabis

This one is straightforward: Delta 9 is found in high concentrations in marijuana plants. It’s what most people think of when they hear “THC.” Unlike HHC, there’s no need for a lab process—it’s already there. Hemp plants, however, contain much lower levels of Delta 9 THC, which is why it’s primarily extracted from marijuana.

Common Uses and Effects of Delta 9 THC

The effects of Delta 9 are well-documented. Depending on the dose, you might feel euphoria, increased appetite, or deep relaxation. For medical users, it’s often used to manage chronic pain, nausea, and other conditions. It’s also been studied for its potential benefits in anxiety relief, though higher doses might have the opposite effect, causing paranoia. Delta 9 THC is versatile, but it’s not without its risks, particularly for new users or those sensitive to its psychoactive effects.

Key Differences Between HHC and Delta 9 THC

Chemical Structure and Composition

The main difference is in their structure. Delta 9 THC has that iconic double bond, while HHC’s hydrogenation makes it more stable. This difference might not mean much to the average person, but it’s why HHC is less likely to degrade over time.

Potency Levels

Delta 9 THC is generally more potent. HHC might require a higher dose to get a comparable effect, but some people prefer its lighter touch. Potency differences can also depend on the method of consumption, with edibles typically providing a stronger, longer-lasting effect compared to vaping or smoking.

Duration of Effects

Both last a few hours, but some users report that HHC’s effects fade more gradually. Delta 9, on the other hand, can have a sharper comedown. HHC’s gradual fade makes it appealing for those who want a smooth end to their experience.

Benefits and Drawbacks of HHC and Delta 9 THC

HHC: Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • More stable, so it lasts longer on the shelf.
  • Effects are milder, making it less overwhelming for beginners.
  • Can be a functional option for daytime use.

Cons:

  • Limited research, so we don’t know its full impact yet.
  • Availability can be hit or miss depending on where you live.
  • Legal gray area in many regions.

Delta 9 THC: Pros and Cons

Pros:

  • Well-studied with established medical uses.
  • Widely available in areas where cannabis is legal.
  • Stronger effects make it ideal for experienced users or those with high tolerance.

Cons:

  • Higher chance of side effects like anxiety.
  • More likely to show up on drug tests.
  • Shorter shelf life compared to HHC.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q. Is HHC safer than Delta 9 THC?

Not enough research exists to say definitively, but HHC’s milder effects might make it feel safer to some users.

Q. Will HHC or Delta 9 THC show up on a drug test?

Yes, both can potentially show up on a drug test, so use with caution if that’s a concern.

Q. Which one is better for recreational use?

That depends on your preferences. HHC is great for a mellow time, while Delta 9 is better if you’re looking for something more intense.

HHC vs. Delta 9: Choosing the Right One for You

The choice comes down to what you’re after. If you want a milder, more laid-back experience, HHC might be a good option. On the other hand, if you’re looking for something stronger or need it for medical reasons, Delta 9 is the way to go. It also depends on what’s legal and available where you are. And always consider your tolerance levels and experience before diving in. If you’re unsure, consult with a knowledgeable dispensary staff.

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What Federally Illegal Drug Has Created Almost $10 Billion in Sales Tax Revenue for States in the Last 40 Months?

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sales tax revenue with marijuana

In a significant development for the burgeoning cannabis industry, the U.S. Census Bureau has reported that states across the nation have collectively amassed over **$9.7 billion** in tax revenue from marijuana sales since mid-2021. This figure underscores the economic impact of legalized cannabis and highlights the growing acceptance of marijuana as both a recreational and medicinal substance in various states. As more states move toward legalization, the financial implications both positive and negative are becoming increasingly evident.

 

 The Landscape of Cannabis Legalization

 

The journey toward cannabis legalization in the United States has been long and complex. Initially criminalized in the early 20th century, cannabis began to regain acceptance in the late 20th century, particularly for medical use. The first state to legalize medical marijuana was California in 1996, setting a precedent that many states would follow.

 

By 2012, Colorado and Washington became the first states to legalize recreational cannabis, paving the way for a wave of legalization efforts across the country. As of now, more than 20 states have legalized recreational marijuana, while over 30 states allow medical use. This shift reflects changing public attitudes toward cannabis and recognition of its potential benefits.

 

Economic Implications of Legalization

 

The legalization of cannabis has not only transformed social norms but has also created a substantial economic impact. States that have embraced legalization have seen significant increases in tax revenue, job creation, and investment opportunities.

 

According to the latest Census Bureau report, states like California, Colorado, Illinois, and Michigan have emerged as leaders in cannabis tax revenue generation. These states have implemented various tax structures on marijuana sales, including excise taxes, sales taxes, and local taxes. The revenue generated is often earmarked for essential public services such as education, healthcare, infrastructure improvements, and drug rehabilitation programs.

 

Breakdown of Tax Revenue by State

 

 

As the largest legal cannabis market in the United States, California has been at the forefront of marijuana tax revenue generation. Since mid-2021, California has contributed approximately $2.5 billion to state coffers from cannabis taxes. This revenue is derived from both recreational and medical marijuana sales.

 

California’s tax structure includes a 15% excise tax on retail sales, along with local taxes that can vary significantly by city and county. The state has allocated a portion of these funds to various programs aimed at addressing issues related to drug abuse and public health.

 

 

Colorado was one of the pioneers in cannabis legalization and continues to serve as a model for other states. Since mid-2021, Colorado has generated around $1.8 billion in tax revenue from marijuana sales. The state imposes a 15% excise tax on wholesale marijuana transactions and a 2.9% sales tax on retail sales.

 

The revenue generated from cannabis taxes has been instrumental in funding education initiatives through the Public School Fund, as well as supporting mental health programs and substance abuse treatment services.

 

 

Illinois has seen remarkable growth in its cannabis market since legalizing recreational use in January 2020. In just two years, Illinois has collected approximately $1 billion in tax revenue from marijuana sales. The state imposes a tiered excise tax based on the potency of the product, ranging from 10% to 25%.

 

The funds collected are allocated to various initiatives, including community reinvestment programs aimed at addressing social equity issues related to past drug enforcement practices.

 

 

Michigan’s cannabis market has also flourished since legalization. Since mid-2021, Michigan has generated about $700 million in tax revenue from marijuana sales. The state’s tax structure includes a 10% excise tax on recreational marijuana and a 6% sales tax.

 

The revenue is utilized for various purposes, including education funding and support for local governments impacted by legalization.

 

Broader Economic Impact

 

 

The legalization of cannabis has led to significant job creation across various sectors. According to industry reports, the legal cannabis market supports hundreds of thousands of jobs nationwide—from cultivation and processing to retail and distribution. As more states legalize marijuana, this trend is expected to continue.

 

 

With the growth of the legal cannabis industry comes increased investment opportunities. Entrepreneurs are entering the market at an unprecedented rate, leading to innovations in product development, marketing strategies, and distribution channels. This influx of investment not only benefits individual businesses but also stimulates local economies.

 

Social Equity Considerations

 

While the financial benefits of cannabis legalization are clear, it is essential to address social equity issues that arise alongside this new industry. Many states have recognized that communities disproportionately affected by past drug enforcement policies should benefit from legalization efforts.

 

 

States like Illinois have implemented community reinvestment programs that allocate a portion of cannabis tax revenues to support communities impacted by previous drug laws. These funds can be used for education initiatives, job training programs, and mental health services—aiming to rectify historical injustices associated with cannabis prohibition.

 

 

In addition to financial support for communities affected by past policies, some states are also working to create equitable licensing opportunities for individuals from those communities. By prioritizing applications from minority-owned businesses or those directly impacted by previous drug laws, states can foster a more inclusive cannabis industry.

 

 Challenges Ahead

 

Despite the significant progress made through legalization efforts, challenges remain on both state and federal levels.

 

Federal Legalization Uncertainty

 

One major hurdle is the ongoing conflict between state and federal laws regarding cannabis. While many states have legalized marijuana for recreational or medical use, it remains classified as a Schedule I substance under federal law. This discrepancy creates complications for businesses operating legally at the state level but facing potential federal prosecution.

 

Efforts toward federal legalization or decriminalization have gained traction recently; however, progress remains slow due to political divisions and differing opinions on drug policy reform.

 

Regulatory Hurdles

 

As more states enter the legal cannabis market, regulatory frameworks must evolve to ensure consumer safety while promoting fair competition among businesses. States face challenges related to product testing standards, labeling requirements, advertising restrictions, and taxation policies that can impact market dynamics.

 

Conclusion

 

The U.S. Census Bureau reports that states have collected over $9.7 billion in marijuana tax revenue since mid-2021, highlighting the significant economic impact of cannabis legalization. As public acceptance grows, more states are likely to pursue legalization. Despite ongoing challenges, including federal regulations and social equity issues, legalized cannabis is poised to remain a vital part of state economies. Collaboration among government officials, business leaders, and community advocates will be essential for fostering an equitable and sustainable cannabis industry. This evolving landscape not only presents economic growth opportunities but also addresses historical injustices tied to drug policy enforcement, shaping the future of cannabis legislation in the U.S.

 

WHAT STATES HAVE THE HIGHEST WEED TAXES? READ ON…

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Oregon Cannabis: State of the State (2024)

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Welcome the ninth annual “State of the State” post on Oregon cannabis. I feel like an old man. As compared to 2023, things this year were pretty mellow. That’s not to say, however, that we don’t have trends, intrigues, controversies, mysteries, etc., worth writing about. Let’s dive right in.

Sales and market data

According to OLCC data, retail sales between January 1, 2024 and November 30, 2024 clocked in at $881 million. That is remarkably consistent with 2023, where we saw $874 million over the same 11-month span. If things remain steady for the next couple of weeks, Oregon should avoid a third consecutive drop in annual sales.

Prices are also relatively static. The median price per gram in the extract/concentrate category was $15.83/gram in November, floating from $15.36 to $16.00 throughout the year. For “usable marijuana”, which includes dried flowers and leaves, prices fluctuated from $3.89/gram to $3.57/gram last month.

October saw Oregon’s largest METRC harvest, ever, with 5,733,288 pounds reported. I’m sure the illicit market had a bumper year too; weather is the same for everyone and the enforcement paradigm is static. Anyway, the October numbers equal 900,000 more pounds than the same month in 2023. Consumers may benefit, but that can’t be great for pricing.

As far as what people are actually buying at OLCC shops:

  • 2% of purchases are for usable marijuana
  • 25% are extracts/concentrates
  • 7% are edibles/tinctures
  • 10% are “inhalable product with non-cannabis additives”
  • 4% is “other”; and
  • 6% is industrial hemp commodity products.

Yes, that equals 100%. In 2023, I noted a “years-long trend of usable marijuana sales decreasing per capital in favor of other categories.” The trend continued in 2024 (usable marijuana sales dropped another 2.5% year over year). Last year, I wrote that “my impression is that near-term growth may be limited to select SKUs and product categories.” Still feel that way.

Licenses and licensing

Our years-long OLCC licensing moratorium was made permanent in 2024 (more on that below). Overall, license numbers declined marginally across the board. Here’s a table showing current numbers as compared to 2023, which I wrote “was the first year I saw license numbers fall since the 2016 roll-out of the adult use program.”

2024 2023 Change
Producers 1,375 1,389 -14
Processors 288 312 -24
Wholesalers 257 269 -12
Retailers 789 818 -29
Labs 13 15 -2
Research 1 1 none

 

It’s good to see numbers dropping, I suppose. Most would agree that we have too many licenses across all categories– except perhaps for labs and research. Expect numbers to continue on a modest downward trend in 2025.

Industry limping along

In the last few State of the State posts, I’ve talked about businesses struggling. We’re still helping people sell or even walk away from things we helped them buy not long ago. In 2023, the big liquidation story was the Chalice receivership. In 2024, insolvency and cannabis receivership actions are still a regular occurrence. The largest of 2024 was the Tumalo receivership, which we structured here in the office, and which remains ongoing. We’re working on a few others as well: some are voluntary, and others, well, not so much.

Consolidation is still a fact of life in Oregon cannabis, with larger operators opportunistically picking up assets, mostly at retail. A majority of buy/sell transactions, however, seem to involve new market entrants and naked licenses. In these deals, a seller will relinquish its rights to an OLCC license in favor of a replacement license for the buyer— sometimes at the same location and sometimes in a new spot. Pricing on these transactions, which are styled as asset purchase agreements, has remained steady in each license class. That said, pricing can be negotiable.

Most of the bigger players are still around. A couple of people have asked me how that could be the case with a chain like La Mota, whose legal issues metastasized into a statewide controversy, and resulted in unwelcome tax compliance rules for OLCC retailers. The answer is simple: La Mota probably reached a deal on payment plan with the Department of Revenue. Elsewhere, we haven’t seen anything to convince us, one way or the other, that OLCC is making an effort to treat small businesses the same as the larger operators— a problem area we highlighted in 2023. That said, let’s see what happens with the labs.

OLCC chasing testing labs on THC inflation

On September 25th, OLCC sent enforcement notices to seven testing laboratories. I explained at the time that OLCC had:

Propos[ed] license cancellation in some cases and suspension or fines in others. The notices center on alleged THC inflation, and extend back to instances identified in 2023. We only have eleven labs in Oregon accredited to do this mandatory work, so OLCC chasing seven of them is a big deal.

This saga is still ongoing, and none of these cases are resolved to my knowledge. For considered and lawyerly reasons, I’ll reserve further comment on this one, beyond all that I’ve already said.

New OLCC rules and legislative changes

Various rules took effect in 2024, due to legislative changes this spring and an initiative vote in the fall. Here are the four biggest developments for me, in chronological order:

Licensing Moratorium

Oregon finally made its licensing moratorium permanent, when Governor Kotek signed House Bill 4121 on March 20, 2024. This means the only way to acquire a cannabis license in Oregon is to find someone willing to sell. That will likely be the case forever, based on unreachable “new license triggers” in HB 4121, and the fact that the legislature won’t reverse this new law.

Hemp Vendor License Requirement

This one took effect July 1. At that time, I wrote that the rule was “very broad and likely to catch people off guard.” That proved to be the case in my experience, including with respect to OLCC— I ended up writing them on September 30 after stumbling across incorrect FAQs on the topic. My guess is that a large number of Oregon businesses are still unaware of the license requirement, and therefore not compliant, and that it doesn’t really matter because enforcement is sparse or nonexistent.

Labor Peace Agreements

This one has been a scramble, with many licensees having to find a way to comply on short notice. The short story is that due to Ballot Measure 119, which passed in November, all OLCC licensed retailers, processors and labs must provide a signed labor peace agreement (LPA) with a bona fide labor organization, to renew or apply for an OLCC license. I still believe BM 119 is legally problematic, but someone needs to challenge it to obviate the LPA requirement.

Presumptive Hemp Testing Rules

The Oregon Department of Agriculture (ODA) issued a temporary administrative order following on HB 4121, which defines presumptive marijuana under its testing rules, outlines procedures for marijuana disposal, and outlines violations of ODA hemp licensure more generally.

__

We can expect to see more changes, as always, in 2025. OLCC is currently in rulemaking to implement HB 4121, to start. The 2025 legislative session next year is also a long one, lasting from January to June. I’ll write my usual session preview sometime in January, lest this post become extremely long. For now, the Cannabis Industry Alliance of Oregon (CIAO) has listed out is legislative priorities here.

Odds and ends

  • 2024 must have been a welcome reprieve for OLCC, which remained mostly out of the spotlight after a trying year in 2023.
  • Not much is going on with ODA and the hemp industry, beyond what I mentioned above.
  • Shout-out to CIAO, which was organized and effective in its first full year as Oregon’s consolidated, cannabis trade group.
  • Local cannabis banking is getting easier all the time. Most recently, we built out a cannabis banking program for Central Willamette Credit Union, the newest Oregon service provider.
  • I’m still pessimistic about a federal cannabis banking bill, but I’m hopeful for federal rescheduling. A move for marijuana to Schedule III would do away with punitive tax code provision IRC § 280E – hopefully in calendar year 2024. That development would immediately increase margins for Oregon cannabis businesses, across the board.
  • Also at the federal level, this was our last year with Earl Blumenauer, Congress’s greatest ever cannabis advocate.

Oregon cannabis: that’s a wrap

Let me know in the comments if you think I missed anything worth mentioning, or shoot me an email. There is always something. In the meantime, here’s hoping for smooth sailing for Oregon cannabis in 2025.

For previous posts in this series, check out the following:



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