It’s been nearly a decade since California voters legalized recreational cannabis, but production and sale remain illegal in much of the state — and the black market dominates.

In fact, eight times more marijuana is grown illegally than through legal channels. That’s a far cry from the vision of Proposition 64, the 2016 ballot initiative that promised to legitimize the lucrative cannabis industry and usher in an end to the war on drugs. Now it’s clear that a lot of that “didn’t happen,” said Keith Humphreys, a Stanford University behavioral sciences professor who studies drug policy.

“It was packaged as a free lunch,” he said. “There are no free lunches.”

That doesn’t mean the predictions of Proposition 64’s opponents have come true, either. On the campaign trail, school board members and alarmed parents predicted that marijuana would get into the hands of kids more often and that stoned drivers would cause more collisions. State data shows that neither happened.