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Grow Tent Ventilation: How to Calculate Your Needs

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Healthy plants lead to a healthy harvest, and one of the most important things to consider when growing cannabis is ventilation. Grow tents enable year-round cultivation, but without sufficient ventilation, plants will be prone to problems. Let’s explore the importance of ventilation and its impact on cannabis.

Why is grow tent ventilation necessary?

Outside, cannabis plants are constantly exposed to the natural elements, including a steady breeze and a constant supply of carbon dioxide. As such, indoor growers will look to recreate this natural environment, and a sound ventilation system can do just that. 

An adequate ventilation system replenishes fresh air for photosynthesis, regulates temperature and humidity levels while preventing the development of diseases and pests

Air circulation 

Without constant fresh air, plants cannot photosynthesise and will eventually perish. Photosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into chemical energy. Plants use natural sunlight and carbon dioxide to create essential carbohydrates, with oxygen released as a by-product.

Humidity control

Throughout the growing cycle, transpiration occurs naturally, and cannabis plants transpire through the stomata and cuticles in the leaves. This process increases the humidity inside the growing area, and replenishing air is crucial. This removes any stagnant air and mould pathogens.

Temperature

It is well known that extreme temperatures and dramatic changes in humidity can dramatically affect yield. Whether you’re using HPS or LED lights, both emit excess heat and replenishing the airflow allows for the removal of unwanted heat molecules.

Prevents unwanted pests

Stagnant air provides the perfect breeding ground for unwanted pests, such as aphids, spider mites, and fungus gnats. Reducing humidity and removing stale air helps to create an unfriendly environment for pests and diseases.

So, without proper ventilation, it is evident that a lack of airflow can decrease the potential yield while increasing the risk of pests and diseases.

The basics of grow tent ventilation

Ventilation inside your tent provides constant fresh air while regulating: temperature, humidity, noise and odours. It helps pull fresh air from outside into the tent, replenishing the old, warm air, and increasing carbon dioxide levels. A ventilation system contains six main components. So, let us discuss them in detail.

1. Inline fan

An inline fan maintains a stable and controlled environment within the grow room by regulating the airflow, temperature, carbon dioxide distribution, and humidity. They are attached to either the intake or exhaust of the ducting unit. Fresh air is pulled into the cultivation area from outside, providing plants with the necessary air exchange and circulation to distribute an adequate supply of carbon dioxide (CO2) for photosynthesis. 

For optimal growth, cannabis requires precise temperature and humidity levels. Inline fans can help remove hot, stagnant and humid air by replenishing the supply of fresh air. Excessive heat and humidity can increase the risk of pest infestations or diseases like botrytis and mildew. Adequate airflow also helps strengthen plant stems which can benefit plant development and lead to healthier and more productive harvests.

2. Extractor fan

An extractor fan plays an essential role in helping to control and regulate the best atmosphere inside your growing area. Extractor fans draw contaminated air from the growing area through the carbon filter before the air is re-emitted into the environment. They help control the temperatures within the growing area, encouraging healthy growth. 

Fans ensure plants receive a steady airflow by pulling in the fresh air and expelling the stale, stagnant air. They also help with odour control by removing the odorous air passed the carbon filter. Last but not least, they help remove excess moisture within the growing area, helping reduce the potential for diseases and unwanted critters.

3. Oscillating fans

An oscillating fan promotes air circulation and maintains a stable microclimate within a grow room. These fans are positioned around the growing area’s interior and help move air through the upper and lower canopy, while limiting the buildup of stagnant air around the plants. 

The gentle airflow mimics the natural wind patterns, and fans rotate to provide an adequate air supply for each area. This gentle movement helps to strengthen the plant stems and promotes healthy growth.

4. Ducting

Ducting acts as a channel to remove stagnant air, humidity, and excess heat, helping maintain an optimal growing environment. Ducting is regularly used to connect extractor fans and carbon filters and is more efficient for larger cultivation areas. 

It is most commonly made of aluminium, which can be easily customised. To ensure adequate air circulation and ventilation, it is essential to consider the size and length of the ducting and the volume of your growing area. 

5. Carbon filter

The carbon filter is essential for those strains with a heavy odour during flowering and helps remove all unwanted aromas from the growing cycle. It uses the principle of absorption to remove aromatic compounds from the air. Carbon has a vast surface, and up to one gram of carbon has a surface area of 3000 metres squared, ideal for neutralising the pungent odour from cannabis plants.

There are two main types of carbon filters: granular and block. Block filters are primarily used for large-scale growing operations. However, for hobby growers, the granular filter is the perfect addition for smaller tents and growing areas.

6. Booster fans

Booster fans improve air circulation while maintaining adequate ventilation, temperature and humidity levels within the growing environment. They ensure sufficient airflow throughout the canopy and lower foliage, limiting the development of botrytis and pests by removing any unwanted stagnant air. It is essential to consider the size of the growing area, the number of plants being cultivated, and the equipment used before selecting a booster fan. 

What does cubic feet per minute mean?

Cubic feet per minute (CFM) is an imperial unit of measurement specifically used to describe the volumetric rate of airflow. It represents the amount of air flowing through the cultivation area in one minute. The term “cubic feet” refers to the volume of air measured, and “per minute” indicates the period over which the measurement is taken. 

It is often used to determine the efficiency and capacity of ventilation systems, helping to asses how quickly air can be circulated, exchanged, or filtered within a given space. It is crucial for regulating adequate air quality and temperature.

As the airflow requirement is measured using the imperial system, those using metric must convert centimetres into feet by dividing each measurement by 30.48. For example, if we have a grow area which is 120 cm tall, 60 cm wide and 120 cm long, we would divide each by 30.48.

Height: 120 cm / 30.48 = 3.94 ft

Length: 120 cm / 30.48 = 3.94 ft

Width: 60 cm / 30.48 = 1.95 ft

Factors that influence airflow in the grow tent

Optimal airflow within the cultivation area can depend on various factors. So let’s discuss the six main factors.

1. Size of the growing area

If you are growing in a small hobby tent, you will not need the same airflow as in a large greenhouse. To select the right equipment for the growing cycle, it is essential to assess the size of your cultivation area and calculate its volume to determine the suitable tools needed.

2. Exchange rate

In general, for optimal growth, experienced growers recommend replenishing the volume of air in the growing area every one to three minutes. For example, if you have a grow area with a volume of 150 cubic feet, an airflow rate of 150-450 cubic feet per minute (CFM) would be needed.

3. Ventilation system and equipment

A typical tent ventilation system usually comprises two fans: an exhaust fan and an intake fan. The exhaust fan eliminates excessive heat and stagnant air, while the intake fan draws in fresh air. The strength of these fans should be selected according to the tent’s dimensions and the desired air exchange rate. 

4. Environmental conditions

The temperature outside can affect the temperature inside, and growers often increase CFM airflow on hot days to prevent mildew development. The tent’s location, whether in the loft, basement or inside an insulated house, could also increase or decrease the optimal airflow depending on the environmental conditions.

5. Air intake

Along with active air intake, passive intake can help increase the growing area’s airflow. With the help of strategically placed oscillating fans, small openings at the bottom of the growing area create a temperature difference, which forms natural convection, pulling fresh air into the area. 

6. Lighting and energy consumption

The wattage of the light does not directly influence the recommended CFM. However, a light with a high lumen will often use a more considerable amount of energy, emitting more heat. Raising temperature throughout the cultivation cycle can considerably influence the airflow in the grow room!

How much airflow is needed in your grow tent? 

To find out how much airflow is needed, you must find the volume of your growing space. This number will be equivalent to the CFM necessary to ventilate the space. However, this could vary depending on the number of plants being grown, the lighting used, the size of the area, and environmental conditions. Generally, to determine the volume of your grow tent, you need to multiply its length, width, and height. For our hypothetical grow area, the calculation would be:

(length) x (width) x (height) = volume of growing area 

3.94 ft  x 1.95 ft x 3.94 ft  = 30.3 CFM

For optimal growing conditions, changing the entire airflow circulation of the growing area at least once every minute is recommended. This will give us a minimum air exchange rate of 1; multiply the air exchange rate with the volume to find the minimum base CFM.

((length X width X height) x (air exchange rate )) = base CFM 

(3.94 x 1.95 x 3.94) x  1 =  30.3 CFM

Extra ventilation accessories within the growing area can reduce the performance of fans and require the need to increase the airflow. So, to find out the required CFM within our growing area, we need to find the efficiency percentages of the ventilation accessories. 

Ducting is crucial in controlling the airflow levels and directly affects the CFM. The size and length can increase surface air within the growing area, reducing airflow. Curves and bends within the ducting can also dramatically reduce airflow levels within the grow. Experienced growers report that an extra 20% should be added to the required CFM calculations for every minor angle in the ducting, while a 1% increase in CFM is needed for every foot of ducting.

So, if our hypothetical grow area has 2 ft long of ducting, it would increase the CFM by 2%. However, if that same ducting has two angles, that would add an extra 40%, leading to an overall increase of 42%. If the base CFM is 30.3 for adequate ventilation, an additional 12.72 CFM would be needed to incorporate the ducting.

Carbon filters scrub the air of impurities and slow down the absorption rate. Growers generally describe an increase of 25%, so an extra 7.5 CFM would be needed for the required CFM. Grow lights emitting heat can directly affect airflow, and the need to increase the CFM by up to 10% per 1000W of power. 

Ducting: 42%

Carbon filter: 25%

Lights: 10%

Total increase (sum): 77%

Overall with all our ventilation attachments, there is an increase of 77%. Hence, the required CFM is 177% of the original volume. To calculate the required CFM, change the percentage into a decimal and multiply it by the original volume of the growing area. 

(Grow room volume) x (Accessories) = Required CFM

30.3 x 1.77 = 53.6 CFM 

This tells us that to adequately replenish the air in our growing area once every minute, we need a fan with at least 55 CFM.

Explaining passive and active intake

Passive and active intake are two ways to maintain a constant airflow within your growing area while removing unwanted, stagnant air. They both help to create an optimal growing environment. Here is a breakdown of both methods.

Passive intake 

The idea behind passive intake is to create pressure which naturally draws fresh air through the canopy. Drawing fresh air from outside discourages the buildup of excess heat and moisture within the growing area and promotes healthy growth.

Passive intake relies on a strategically placed opening, usually at the bottom of the grow tent, to help encourage the natural flow of air into the area. Exhaust fans are positioned at the top of the growing area, thus creating negative pressure inside the tent. More openings can be made for growers with larger sizes to adequately control the desired environmental conditions.

This type of ventilation is specially designed to passively let fresh air into the space without an active ventilation system. Excellent if you are seeking a cost-effective and efficient method for ventilation. Due to its relatively simple design, it is also great for beginners not looking to dive into other ventilation methods. Nevertheless, it is essential to note that passive intake may only be suitable for some cultivation scenarios. 

Active intake

Maintaining a balanced air exchange rate within the cultivation area is essential. An active intake ventilation system uses an intake or booster fan to pull fresh air from outside into the growing area, providing better conditions for plant respiration. They are generally positioned at the bottom of grow space to draw cooler air in and can be controlled to adjust the airflow rate. 

They also help to provide the plants with a continuous cycle of fresh air and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, eliminating the buildup of stagnant air within the canopy. Growers can maintain peak conditions by regulating the amount of fresh air entering the growing area. Active intake can help balance CO2 levels, preventing excess humidity and heat buildup while influencing healthy growth and bumper yields. 

Ventilation configuration – which is the best method for you?

Extractor fans and carbon filter systems can be configured in various ways to replenish fresh air and extract stagnant unwanted air. The primary goal is keeping plants healthy with optimal environmental conditions. 

If space is limited inside the tent, the ventilation system can be set up outside the tent if necessary. However, installing all ventilation systems inside the growing area is recommended to ensure minimal noise. Check out the examples below:

1. Carbon Filter > Extractor > Ducting

Inside the cultivation area, a carbon filter can be connected to the extractor via ducting, scrubbing the air of any unwanted odours before it is pushed through the ducting and outside. For most growers, this will be the simplest of setups and helps minimise noise levels with all equipment inside the growing area.

2. Carbon Filter > Ducting > Extractor

The carbon filter is hung inside the grow room, while ducting connects it to the extractor fan mounted outside. The extractor fans pull air through the carbon filter and ducting before re-emitting it externally.

3. Extractor > Ducting > Carbon Filter

The extractor can be positioned inside the growing area, while the carbon filter can be set up outside the growing area. Pulling air through the ducting and out into the carbon filter removes the odour directly before releasing it into the outside environment. However, be wary that pulling odorous air into the extractor fan can damage your fan’s output.

4. Ducting > Extractor > Carbon Filter

The fan and filter can be set up outside the growing area. The extractor fan pulls air from inside through the ducting and the carbon filter. The odourless air is now released outside the growing area. It is an ideal ventilation system for those with limited space, but it could be rather loud for those with sensitive hearing. To maximise efficiency, keep the ducting as straight and short as possible.

5. Carbon Filter > Reflector >  Extractor

For those using heavy-duty HPS lights, an extractor can be installed before an air-cooling reflector hood. The extractor fan pulls air through the reflector and forces it through the ducting and into the carbon filter before releasing it into the environment. 

Always remember that the size of the tent, the number of plants, and environmental conditions should be considered when deciding on the appropriate ventilation strategy.

Is a ventilation system in a grow tent essential? 

If you are considering starting the growing cycle without adequate ventilation, think again! Not only can this drastically reduce the yield, but it can also hinder your patience as a grower. A sound ventilation system is essential if you are looking for healthy plants, exotic terpene profiles and lush yields.

If you have any thoughts on what makes an excellent ventilation system, please let us know in the comments below. Any hacks, tips, tricks? Please share!

  • Disclaimer:

    Laws and regulations regarding cannabis cultivation differ from country to country. Sensi Seeds therefore strongly advises you to check your local laws and regulations. Do not act in conflict with the law.



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Meet the new and improved home of the growers, ILGM

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Everything you need for your growing journey, all in one place.


ILGM, aka I Love Growing Marijuana, are reintroducing themselves. They’ve been one of the leading sources for cannabis seeds and expert growing knowledge for years, but the team at ILGM just isn’t the type to rest on their laurels. They’ve been working hard—and they have a newly refined, streamlined seed shopping experience to show for it. Oh, and did we mention their brand-new, dripped-out look?    

The new ILGM is a veritable treasure trove of expert knowledge that’ll help you find everything you need to help your seeds take root and grow strong.

Don’t get it twisted though, ILGM’s new vibe is way more than just a fresh coat of paint. It’s an entire reconceptualization of what an online home for cannabis growers should look like. The new ILGM is a veritable treasure trove of expert knowledge that’ll help you find everything you need to help your seeds take root and grow strong. Their commitment to helping newcomers embrace the craft of growing has never been more secure, and with their new look, more people than ever before can learn to love growing marijuana.

We were lucky enough to catch up with some of the visionaries guiding ILGM’s transformation, and we’ve got all the details on how they’re making ILGM the definitive home of the growers.

More than a seed bank

ILGM seeds
Image courtesy of ILGM.

2025 is set to be the year of the home grower, if ILGM’s new CEO Ernst Rustenhoven has anything to say about it. When he took the reigns of ILGM early last year, he came up with a plan to transform ILGM into a sleek, dynamic operation that better serves consumer needs.

“The cannabis industry is maturing, and so is the home-growing community. ILGM has been a pioneer in the online cannabis seed market for over a decade,” said Rustenhoven. “However, we realized we were not meeting changing consumer expectations and were stuck in the past.”

Holistic home-growing support for today’s grower

Rustenhoven and his expert team began to modernize ILGM by exploring what customers love about ILGM, and how they can do it even better. The home-growing community is larger than ever, but more isolated across different websites due to the social media terrain becoming more unfriendly to people looking to share photos, videos, and home-growing knowledge.

Related

Prepare for the outdoor grow season with Dosidos & more hit strains

“We are increasingly focused on being a platform that connects people and parties: Offering premium genetics from top-notch breeders to home-grow connoisseurs, providing content and resources from expert growers to beginners, and fostering connections among home growers both online and offline. We are here to serve our community and grow with it,” said Rustenhoven.

The best of the past, infused into a bright future

If you’re one of ILGM’s many devoted customers and all this talk of change is getting you a little nervous, relax. The new leadership at ILGM knows that one of their greatest resources is the accumulated knowledge of their robust home-growing community.

“Ensuring that ILGM offers access to a vibrant community of people that want to share their cannabis cultivation journey, and connect with fellow home growers, is a significant part of our mission going forward.” said the CEO.

Related

8 essential cannabis strains to grow at home

Rustenhoven and the team have taken incredible pains to keep the things that have earned ILGM their customer loyalty—like their famous germination guarantee, expert knowledge, and incredible deals—while jettisoning anything that wasn’t working. 

Ernst isn’t alone in his efforts, of course. He’s assembled a top-tier team of industry experts including growers, researchers, designers, and writers to overhaul ILGM and make it one of the very best resources for cannabis growers of all experience levels. The entire ILGM team is unified in their desire to revolutionize the ILGM experience and spread the joy of cannabis wider than ever before. 

A seed for every need

ILGM seeds
Image courtesy of ILGM.

ILGM has been one of the foremost sources of cannabis seeds globally for years, and the new ILGM has no plans to change that fact. What they are changing is basically everything else—how easy it is to buy seeds, get the expert knowledge you need to set your seeds up for success, and learn about strain genetics.

Seeds straight from the source

Before, researching a specific seed you had an eye on often sent cultivators to several different sites, but at the new ILGM, growers will have all the information they need to make an informed decision about your grow in one spot.  

Related

The best high-THC strains indoor growers need this year

The word is transparency—ILGM believes in being completely upfront about where your seeds are coming from, their genetic pedigree, and the type of results you can expect from a setup that resembles your own. As the cannabis industry has matured and growers of all stripes have become increasingly discerning, these sorts of details are increasingly demanded by the growing public, and ILGM loves giving the people what they want. Anything you could think of asking about these strains, you’ll find.

Craft cultivars from top breeders

ILGM focuses on supporting the breeders behind the genetics and the cultivators who depend on them.

Randy Hansen

When the team at ILGM says that they are the home of the growers, they mean it. ILGM features a wide range of seeds from stellar American growers in addition to their ever-reliable in-house brand. You’ll be able to find seeds from high-quality growers like Speedrun Seeds and Green Bodhi on the storefront, with offerings from Happy Valley Genetics and Certified Seeds coming soon. ILGM does the vetting to make sure these seeds are up to snuff, ensuring that every seed in their store is worthy of your grow by partnering with brands who meet their rigorous standards.

The man at the head of ILGM’s seed selection operations is Randy Hansen, an industry veteran with a passion for making connections with master cultivators. As the point person for ILGM’s US seed partnerships, his keen eye for quality cannabis ensures that only the finest seeds make it to ILGM’s store.

Related

The best cannabis strains for every type of grower

ILGM focuses on supporting the breeders behind the genetics and the cultivators who depend on them. We’re committed to elevating each breeder’s unique work, ensuring their genetics meet our high standards and that we, in turn, highlight the passion that goes into creating these craft cultivars,” said Hansen.

He and his team work diligently, examining terpene profiles, cannabinoid levels, and genetic stability to make ILGM’s seed selection one of the most robust and reliable in the industry. 

It takes a village

ILGM seeds
Image courtesy of ILGM.

In ILGM’s opinion, growing cannabis should be accessible, easy, and fun for anyone who wants to try their hand. They’re using this rebrand as an opportunity to refocus their content towards making sure that anyone can find what they need to make their home grow successful.

Information for every experience level

ILGM’s new head of content, Robert Nijhout, is crafting an environment where knowledge flows freely and all growers feel supported. Said Nijhout: “We want to make sure that our grow guides are clear and user-friendly for people from all walks of life without leaving any information on the table or simplifying anything in favor of accuracy.” 

No matter if this is your first time trying out your green thumb or your thousandth, ILGM wants you to feel at home. With Nijhout at the helm of the content department, ILGM will publish expert, high-level content for home growers with experience, but they will also take special care to expand the home-growing community by welcoming in first-time growers.

Related

Four essential autoflowering strains for beginner growers

“Starting out as a grower means facing a ton of questions—which strain to grow, where to set up, what soil or gear to use—it can feel overwhelming,” said Nijhout. “We get that because we’ve been there. That’s why we create content that answers those questions early, helping customers make informed choices from day one.”

One-on-one support

In addition to the incredible articles, grow guides, and videos outlining the art and science of cannabis cultivation that ILGM publishes now, they are almost ready to roll out a feature that will totally transform the online cannabis community.

Soon, ILGM customers will be able to set up direct one-on-one consultations with its in-house team of home grow success consultants,who can help diagnose and remedy ailments in even the most difficult of grows. These experts will be able to analyze your unique growing setup, taking into account things like climate and light conditions to troubleshoot your grow and get your plants back on track. This sort of personalized care just isn’t widely available to most growers, who will find ILGM to be an indispensable resource to increase yields and have more fun with their grow. 

The road ahead 

ILGM seeds
Image courtesy of ILGM.

While the new and improved ILGM is certainly very impressive, the team behind the reimagining isn’t even close to being finished. They have big plans to launch heaps of new features over the coming year in addition to the upcoming personalized consultation feature, making it even less stressful and more enjoyable to grow cannabis.

“We believe these initiatives, which are just the tip of the iceberg, will not only strengthen our existing community but also attract new members to the home-growing movement,” said Rustenhoven.

AI-powered growing assistant

So, what does the team have in store? One of the first features that ILGM will be launching in the near future is the world’s first custom-built AI-powered growing assistant. This AI was developed in-house by the team at ILGM, who trained the bot on decades of expert growing knowledge accumulated on the ILGM website. This AI will be fully integrated into the ILGM website, providing helpful, easy-to-follow advice 24/7 so you’re never alone in facing a growing emergency. 

Culture-driven content

ILGM will also be delivering even more quality content in the year ahead. “In the coming period, we’re excited to create content that sets up our home growers for success,” said Nijhout. They’ll be producing community-driven stories to get the pulse of the culture, in-depth cultivation podcasts that get granular on how to maximize your yields, and Q&As with master growers seeking to share their knowledge.

Home Grow Tour

To top it all off, they’re taking the show on the road and going on tour. Leading up to 4/20, weed’s biggest day, ILGM will be launching their nationwide Home Grow Tour, a massive jamboree to celebrate the love and care that the home-growing community brings to their hobby.

The tour will feature events designed to bring growers together with product launches, influencer meetups, grow classes, and much, much more. The itinerary featuring the specifics will launch soon, so keep an eye out on social media to see if one of the biggest tours cannabis has ever seen will make it to your neck of the woods.

With all of these exciting changes, ILGM is poised to completely revolutionize the seed-buying experience for home growers all over America. But don’t just take our word for it—head to the new ILGM website today and experience the transformation for yourself. With a renewed focus on community engagement and some incredible seeds from vetted partners on the shelves, ILGM is proud to be the Home of the Growers

ILGM seeds
Image courtesy of ILGM.

To keep updated on new features, strains, and events, you can head to ILGM’s website or follow them on Facebook and Instagram. You can also head to their YouTube channel for high-quality home-growing videos. Happy growing!


Availability subject to law.





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Best Cannabis Nutrients for Soil

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Cannabis is a versatile plant that can grow in a variety of conditions, but it does have specific nutrient requirements that vary depending on the strain and the stage of growth.

Here, we’ll help you choose the right nutrient mix for your plants and experience level.

Nutrient Requirements for Cannabis

When it comes to growing cannabis in soil, it’s important to understand the difference between macronutrients and micronutrients.

Cannabis requires both macronutrients (i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and micronutrients (i.e., calcium, sulfur, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc) for successful growth.

Macronutrients are responsible for important functions such as photosynthesis, energy storage and transfer, and the development of strong roots and healthy foliage.

Micronutrients are responsible for functions such as enzyme production, chlorophyll formation, and overall plant metabolism.

Most commercially available soils have fertilizers and nutrients in them and will not usually require additional fertilizers and nutrients during the first month or two of growth.

Macro and Micronutrients

Marijuana plants depend on a set of essential elements in varying amounts. Nutrients needed in large amounts are called macronutrients, while micronutrients are needed in small amounts.

Feeding your plant the right amount of nutrients at the right time can prevent deficiencies.

cannabis nutreints for soil

Nitrogen (N)

Nitrogen is a critical macronutrient during the growing stage, especially the vegetative stage. Nitrogen enables chlorophyll to convert sunlight into energy, build proteins, and produce nucleic acid used by plant cells to replicate.

Phosphorus (P)

Phosphorus is another essential macronutrient that can help during the root formation to absorb all the necessary nutrients. Healthy roots are the foundation of strong cannabis stems, bud formation, and yield.

Potassium (K)

Potassium is known to aid in a plant’s water absorption. Potassium regulates the opening of the stomata, which are responsible for taking in CO2 and expelling water and oxygen. Potassium also helps produce ATP to make energy in the form of glucose for your plant.

NPK Ratio

If you’re shopping for cannabis nutrient products, you’ll notice every bottle features three numbered signs such as 2-1-6, 5-0-1, 0-5-4, and so on. These numbers are the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, in that order.

It’s important to buy the right NPK ratio for different stages of plant growth. During the vegetative stage, cannabis plants require a higher level of nitrogen. During the flowering phase, marijuana plants will require an increase in phosphorus.

nutrient ratio for cannabis 1
marijuana nutrients nitrogen potassiu and phosphorus 2
cannabis nutrients for late flowering

Micronutrients for Cannabis

Magnesium

Magnesium is a vital micronutrient needed to help in the absorption of sunlight and the production of glucose needed for energy. Magnesium deficiencies can lead to yellow leaves, stem discoloration, and more.

Calcium

Calcium is another important micronutrient needed to support a plant’s cell walls. Calcium also aids in photosynthesis and the absorption of other nutrients.

Other Micronutrients

  • Cobalt
  • Sulfur
  • Zinc
  • Copper
  • Silicon
  • Boron
  • Chlorine
  • Manganese
  • Iron
  • Molybdenum

Cannabis Nutrients Deficiencies

Watch the plants closely for any changes or signs of nutrient deficiencies and disorders. Nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants can offer when the plant is not receiving the necessary nutrients to grow and thrive.

These deficiencies can manifest in various ways, including stunted growth, discoloration of leaves, and overall poor health. Some of the most common nutrient deficiencies in cannabis plants include the following:

  • Nitrogen deficiency: Nitrogen is an essential macronutrient that is necessary for the production of chlorophyll and the growth of leaves and stems. A nitrogen deficiency can result in the yellowing of the lower leaves and slow growth.
  • Phosphorus deficiency: Phosphorus is essential for developing strong roots and healthy buds. A deficiency can result in slow growth, purple or reddish discoloration of the leaves, and small, poorly developed buds.
  • Potassium deficiency: Potassium is necessary for regulating water balance and overall plant health. A deficiency can cause yellowing around the leaf edges, wilting, and a lack of resistance to pests and diseases.
  • Iron deficiency: Magnesium is necessary to produce chlorophyll and overall plant metabolism. A deficiency can cause yellowing of the leaves, curled leaves, and lead to stunted growth.

It’s important to note that the symptoms of nutrient deficiencies can be similar to those caused by other issues, such as pests or diseases, so it’s important to properly diagnose the problem before attempting to treat it.

In addition, sometimes over-fertilization can lead to nutrient burn, which can cause similar symptoms as deficiency.

Soil-Based Products and Cannabis Nutrients

cannabis plants in soiled pots

Organic fertilizers and additives that can be used in soil-based systems are:

Nitrogen Amendments

Ammonia – (NH3) is a gas containing 82% nitrogen, often used as a foliar feed in its aqueous form. It is a highly concentrated form of nitrogen and can be used to quickly boost the soul’s nitrogen level. Use it with caution, as over application can lead to nutrient burn.

Cottonseed Meal -A byproduct resulting from oil extraction from cottonseed with a nitrogen content of 67%. Generally, it is used as a partial, slow-release nitrogen source in mixed fertilizers. It is also a good source of other nutrients such as potassium and phosphorus.

Blood Meal – Blood meal is a byproduct of the meatpacking industry and has a nitrogen content of 12 to 14%. The nitrogen is available quickly, but it does little for the mechanical properties of the soil.

Urea – Urea is a white crystalline compound containing 46% readily available nitrogen. This affordable form of nitrogen fertilizer is usually made from anhydrous ammonia (NH3) and is easy to handle, store and transport.

Fish Emulsion – Fish emulsion is prepared from non-edible fish and waste from fisheries. It has about 8% nitrogen. It is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and it is also a good source of micronutrients like zinc and iron.

Phosphate Amendments

Bone Meal – Two kinds: raw and steamed. Steamed bone meal has less nitrogen than raw, but more phosphoric acid. This material releases its nutrients slowly so it can be used without fear of injuring the crop.

Rock Phosphate – Mineral occurring in deposits throughout the world. Its effectiveness is dependant on its degree of fineness and the reaction of the soil. It’s a slow-release fertilizer and it can take a long time to break down and become available to the plants.

Super Phosphate – A source of phosphoric acid in complete fertilizers and a direct treatment of soils deficient in phosphorous but well supplied with nitrogen and potassium. It’s a fast-acting fertilizer and it’s a good source of phosphorus, but it can cause an increase in soil pH.

Slag – Finely ground byproduct of steel manufacture. Its free lime content makes it of special value in the reclamation of acid soils. It’s a slow-release fertilizer and it can help to improve soil structure.

Potassium Amendments

Wood ashes – Rapidly absorbable form of potassium that will raise pH because it is alkaline. It’s important to be aware that wood ashes also contain high levels of salts that can be harmful if not used in moderation.

Seaweed – Contains a host of macro- and micro-nutrients, helps in water retention and absorption, and aids in weed prevention.

Growth and Flowering Supplements and Additives

There are more cannabis growth supplements, bloom supplements and stimulants, root stimulators and additives available than can be easily described here.

All supplements and additives must be added with caution to prevent any nutrient disorders, over-fertilization or nutrient burns. We will provide an overview of what is commonly available.

Fulvic Acid – used as a growth stimulator. Full acid is a natural acidic organic polymer that is extracted from humus found in soil, sediment, or aquatic environments.

Humic Acid – a principal component of humid substances, which are the major organic constituents of soil, peat, coal, many upland streams, lakes and ocean water. It is produced by biodegradation of dead organic matter. It is not a single acid; rather, it is a complex mixture of many different acids.

Gibberellic Acid – a hormone found in and extracted from plants. It is a naturally occurring plant growth regulator, which may cause a variety of effects including increasing the number and size of buds and the stimulation of seed germination.

Amino Acid – the key elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Amino acids are critical to life and have many functions in metabolism. One particularly important function is to serve as the building blocks of proteins.

Enzymes – proteins that increase or decrease the rates of chemical reactions. At this time there are limited products available that claim to promote the use of enzymes for improving and increasing the growth of medical cannabis.

Carbohydrates – plants require sugar and carbohydrates in order to have enough energy for intense flowering periods and rigorous growth. The logical solution would be to just add sugar to the nutrient solution right? Many have tried this and often molasses is used as a simple sugar additive. The problem with this is that the sugar is not as easily taken-in by plants in this form.

It is better to add a carbohydrate additive, which is designed to make these carbohydrate supplements easier for the plant to take in. 

By using these additives, a grower can expect the plants to have sweeter tasting fruits, increase their essential oils, and nourish the plants to prepare them for intense flowering periods. If possible look for a carbohydrate additive that is organic, and combines easily with the rest of the nutrients being used.

Silica Based Products – promote healthier and stronger plant growth. When the roots take up silica, it is deposited in the cell walls of the plant as a solid, rigid ‘quartz-like’ matrix. This produces a ‘mechanically’ stronger plant, which enables superior leaf orientation and therefore greater rates of photosynthesis and growth.

It increases the weight and shelf life of fruit due to the physical accumulation of silica in plant cells. Silica increases a plant’s tolerance to heat stress or “wilting”.  It also increases resistance to fungal diseases, particularly mildews and botrytis. It resists fungal ingress by accumulating around the points of fungal attack.

Silica improves the healing rate and neatness of pruning wounds. This property is especially beneficial in commercial cropping of plants such as medical cannabis. Regular pruning of these species threatens the plant’s survival due to the risk of disease penetration through the site of the pruning wound.

Finally, silica increases a plant’s tolerance to nuisance chemicals such as sodium and chloride.

Vitamin Supplements – help a plant feel better when stressed and keep a plant healthy.  Vitamins will help with resistance to fungal rots and insect attacks. While plants normally manufacture vitamins for themselves, if they have an external additional supply of them, they can then turn their energy to producing other elements they need, and thereby speed up growth.

Minerals – There are many minerals that are either required by the needs of the plant or are beneficial for improving the growth of the plant.  Below are a few descriptions of minerals available for use.
Calcium-when added to the plants nutrient solution or to the soil it will improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake and encourage superior flowering.

Calcium – when added to the plant’s nutrient solution or to the soil it will improve the efficiency of nutrient uptake and encourage superior flowering.

Citric Acids – can be added as a chelator (binder) for improved availability and plant uptake of nutrients and fertilizers.

Sulfur Based Additives – will activate enzymes, process compost and manure fertilizers, liberate roots systems and help balance soil pH.

Mycorrhiza – this is the relationship between the plant roots and beneficial fungi.  Mycorrhizal products increase plant growth, nutrient and water uptake and improve soil structure.

Mixing Growing Medium (soil)

There are many commercially available soil mixes online or at a local grow supply stores that have been specifically developed for growing cannabis both indoors and outdoors.

For the experienced grower who chooses to mix their own soil, consider using this as a starting point for creating cannabis grow medium (soil):

  • 50% Premium Potting Soil
  • 20% Bat Guano High Phosphate Fertilizer
  • 10% Organic Seafood Fertilizer
  • 10% Perlite
  • 05% Sand (optional)
  • 05% Organic Mix roots, bark, etc.

Add more if a deficiency occurs in flowering.  It is highly doubtful that it will, but if it does, use a diluted foliar feed.

  • 3 lbs. Bone Meal
  • 1 cup Dolomite Lime
  • 2 tbsp. Humic acids are highly recommended.

Apply as recommended per the manufacturer’s instructions.

  • 5 lbs. Bat guano
  • 2 five-gallon scoops of Perlite

It is recommended that all the ingredients be mixed together in a large barrel with a tight fitting lid, so as not to breathe in any dust or particles.

Roll the barrel around to mix the ingredients. If mixing the grow medium without a barrel with a lid and instead mixing the ingredients in an open container, a particle or dust mask must be worn.

Slightly moisten the ingredients to help avoid creating too much airborne dust and particles as the ingredients are mixed.

Start You Garden Today with Online Cannabis Training

Starting an indoor or outdoor cannabis garden can be a rewarding and fulfilling experience, but it is important to have a solid understanding of the plant’s specific nutrient requirements. By enrolling at Cannabis Training University (CTU), you will gain the knowledge and skills needed to successfully grow your own cannabis.

CTU offers a wide range of courses for individuals of all experience levels, from beginner to advanced. Whether you are interested in growing cannabis for personal use or for a commercial operation, CTU’s comprehensive curriculum will provide you with the training and resources you need to be successful.

To learn how to grow robust, healthy cannabis plants from seed to harvest, enroll in Cannabis Training University’s marijuana courses.

Luis Cordova

Luis Cordova

Luis Cordova is a distinguished author, and renowned expert in cannabis cultivation, who possesses a Master’s degree in Plant Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Science. As a valued contributor to highly esteemed publications such as Cannabis Training University and Maximum Yield Magazine, Luis has emerged as a trusted source of guidance and knowledge in the cannabis industry. Having written thousands of informative articles, Luis is widely recognized for his comprehensive expertise on cultivating cannabis, both indoors and outdoors.





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Best Temperatures For Growing Cannabis Indoors

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What is the perfect environment for growing plants and producing high-quality cannabis? When growing cannabis, temperature can be manipulated for optimal results.

Optimal indoor temperatures are crucial for a thriving cannabis crop. The best conditions will enhance both potency and yield.

This guide will explain how temperature affects your cannabis and how you can control it.

Optimal Temperatures For Growing Cannabis Indoors

Cannabis plants can thrive in various environments and still yield high-quality yields. However, when growing cannabis indoors, it is crucial to provide optimal conditions to compensate for the absence of natural sunlight, which is essential for the plant’s health.

Although lighting solutions can simulate natural sunlight, indoor cannabis plants often end up being less hardy than their outdoor counterparts.

With that in mind, utilizing temperature control to help your indoor plants thrive is imperative for indoor marijuana success.

a chart of the ideal temperatures for growing cannabis indoors

Seedling Stage

Seedlings are delicate and require a stable, warm environment to encourage healthy root development and early growth.

Ideal temperature:

  • Day temperature (lights on): 70-75° (21-24°C)
  • Night temperature (lights off): 60-65° (16-18°C)

Vegetative Stage

The ideal temperature for a cannabis indoor grow during the vegetative stage is 70-85°F. This range is optimal as it promotes efficient photosynthesis and robust plant growth.

Varied temperatures that are too high or low will lower the rate of photosynthesis, and the growth rate of the plant itself.

Cooler night temperatures help mimic natural outdoor conditions.

When the lights are off, it’s best to have a temperature that is around 10° lower than the daytime temperature. So if you keep your grow room at 75° when the lights are on, aim for 65° when they are off.

Ideal Temperature:

  • Day temperature (lights on): 70-85°F (21-29°C)
  • Night temperature (lights off): 60-75°F (16-24°C)

Flowering Stage

In outdoor growing operations, cannabis plants flower in the Autumn when temperatures start to drop.

This ideal flowering temperature is somewhere around 65-80°F. The same 10° differential from light and dark is optimal as well, just as when in a vegetative stage.

This flowering temperature allows terpene and cannabinoid maturation. Too high temperatures can degrade sensitive terpenes, which will affect the flavor, aroma, and high of cannabis.

Manipulating your grow room temperature for flowering can also bring out purple, blue, and pink colors in the buds themselves when the temperature is low enough.

Ideal Temperature:

  • Day temperature (lights on): 65-80°F (18-26°C)
  • Night temperature (lights off): 55-70°F (13-21°C)

Late Flowering Stage

In the final weeks of the flowering stage, maintaining cooler temperatures can enhance color expression in the buds and further boost resin production.

Ideal Temperature:

  • Day temperature (lights on): 65-75°F (18-24°C)
  • Night temperature (lights off): 55-65°F (13-18°C)

Ideal Humidity Levels For Growing Weed Indoors

Discussing temperature without discussing humidity would be incomplete. Temperature and humidity are closely linked.

Variations in either can significantly impact plant health. Both factors must be carefully managed in order to have an optimal grow.

a chart of the ideal humidity levels when growing cannabis indoors

Higher humidity levels during the seedling stage help young plants retain moisture and develop strong roots.

During the vegetative stage plants benefit from moderately high humidity, which supports vigorous growth and healthy leaf development.

Slightly lower humidity during the flowering stage reduces the risk of mold and mildew while still supporting robust bud development.

Lower humidity levels in the final weeks help to prevent mold and promote the production of dense, resinous buds.

Problems From Temperatures Too Low For Indoor Growing

Too low of temperatures in indoor grow rooms can lead to a handful of problems.

Cold temperatures can slow down the metabolic processes in cannabis plants, leading to stunted growth and delayed development.

At too low of temperatures, plants may struggle to absorb nutrients effectively, leading to deficiencies and poor health.

Lower temperatures can slow down the rate of photosynthesis, diminishing the plant’s energy production and overall health.

Cold temperatures can hinder the production of essential oils and resins, affecting the quality and potency of the final product.

Problems From Temperatures Too High For Indoor Growing

Having a grow room temperature too high is much more common for indoor cannabis growers.

A marijuana growing temperature above optimal will increase the risk for pests like spider mites and diseases like powdery mildew.

Cannabis grow lights can put off a lot of heat that can create hot pockets directly below the lights. Proper air circulation and ventilation are crucial when the grow lights are on.

Keeping your cannabis grow room cool enough will be an ongoing job for indoor marijuana producers.

How To Control The Temperature In Your Grow Room

Learning how to control grow room temperature and humidity will make or break your indoor cannabis grow.

You can find the ideal temp for indoor grow room operations with a variety of appliances:

  • Air Conditioner
  • Space Heater
  • Humidifier
  • Evaporative Cooler
  • Dehumidifier
  • Fans

Air conditioners and evaporative coolers lower the temperature. Evaporative coolers also raise humidity levels.

Space heaters heat the room. Combination units that control humidity can raise or lower humidity based on the relative humidity of the cannabis grow room.

Fans don’t change the temperature. Instead, they keep air circulating and help you avoid hot and cold spots.

You may need some or all of these for optimal indoor marijuana growing conditions.

Get Your Cannabis Temperature Right!

Achieving the best temperature for marijuana is ideal for growing the best possible bud indoors. Managing your grow temperature with a variety of appliances is your best bet to ensure ideal indoor marijuana growing conditions.

If you want to learn about growing weed indoors and how to optimize the process, keep learning with us here at Cannabis Training University!


Luis Cordova

Luis Cordova

Luis Cordova is a distinguished author, and renowned expert in cannabis cultivation, who possesses a Master’s degree in Plant Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Science. As a valued contributor to highly esteemed publications such as Cannabis Training University and Maximum Yield Magazine, Luis has emerged as a trusted source of guidance and knowledge in the cannabis industry. Having written thousands of informative articles, Luis is widely recognized for his comprehensive expertise on cultivating cannabis, both indoors and outdoors.



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