CBD is widely used for personal wellness. In the not so distant future, it could be used for the well-being of the environment.
By Phillip Smith, American Hemp Monitor
Many of the ubiquitous plastics we use for everything from water bottles to food containers to substrates for flexible electronics are made from petroleum-based materials such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which not only consume large amounts of fossil fuels, but also break down into tiny particles called “microplastics.” These particles leach chemicals, including PET, into the air, water and food, and are linked to inflammation and cell damage.
Hemp, or more specifically, the hemp-derived cannabinoid CBD, may offer a viable alternative. In a recent study published in the journal Chem Circularity, a team of scientists and engineers demonstrated a hemp-derived thermoplastic that can stretch 16 times its original length. The material has a high “glass transition temperature,” a quality that allows plastics to remain dry and durable when boiling hot water.
Scientists have been looking for green alternatives to PET, but most plant-based polymers cannot match hemp’s glass transition temperature and are more expensive to produce. Additionally, the production of bio-based plastics typically requires high-temperature catalysts, and large-scale production is impractical due to challenges in catalyst removal and final product purification.
“Few plastics made from natural resources have this quality,” they said. he said Gregory Sotzing, analyze author and professor in the UConn Department of Chemistry.
“Today’s polycarbonate is made with bisphenol-A, a known endocrine disruptor. The hope here is that cannabidiol (CBD) will replace the bisphenol-A found in today’s processed plastics,” he added.
“Our work has established CBD-based polycarbonates as a sustainable replacement for used thermoplastics such as PET,” said co-author Mukerrem Cakma of Purdue University. “We have developed a rigorous processing science framework that combines molecular architecture with melt processability, orientation development and extensibility without compromising manufacturability.”
To compete with PET, substitutes need medium- and high-temperature stability and melt processability, or the ability to easily melt, deform and shape a material, which the team has achieved for the first time in a hemp-based polycarbonate. To do this, by testing the processing parameters that provide the appropriate structure and properties for wide use and establishing guidelines for the industrial processing of the material.
“This polycarbonate, as a smooth film, has a very high contact angle with water. We didn’t expect our polyCBD-carbonate to have a higher contact angle than most polyolefins,” Sotzing said, adding that materials with this property could be used as nanoparticles for drug delivery and catheter coatings.
And they can be recycled.
“We can chemically recycle it with a base, where the polyesters can be depolymerized using a base to break them down to the starting materials. We don’t need enzymes,” Sotzing said. “What happens is it will hydrolyze or break the polymer chain, and the CBD can be recovered.”
There is currently not enough CBD produced worldwide to completely replace PET for plastics, but that only means that more hemp would need to be grown to supply the demand when it emerges. It would be one more application of this incredibly versatile plant that already provides oils, fibers, seeds and cannabinoids, intoxicating and otherwise.
“We came together on this project to try to replace conventional petroleum-based plastics with something found in nature. We’re finding new ways to use the whole plant. That’s what was done with oil, because they found a way to use every little drop, even down to the sludge that turns into asphalt,” Sotzing said. “Now, we’re doing that with hemp as well. There’s a lot of useful things inside that plant.”
This story was first published by the American Hemp Monitor.