Cannabis News
Hop Latent Viroid – The Invisible Threat Plaguing the Cannabis Industry
Published
2 years agoon
By
admin
Once upon a time, cannabis was the black sheep of the plant world. The subject of fierce debate, it was demonized by governments, feared by citizens, and shrouded in an aura of danger and mystery.
For decades, the plant languished in the shadows, relegated to the fringes of society and relegated to the status of an illicit substance. But as time passed, attitudes began to shift. People began to question the status quo, to demand change, and to organize around a cause that they believed in.
Through their tireless efforts, laws began to change. Slowly but surely, the world began to see cannabis in a new light – not as a threat, but as a potential source of healing, relaxation, and creative inspiration.
And so, a new industry began to take root. With the stigma of prohibition slowly fading away, cannabis cultivators, processors, and sellers began to emerge from the shadows, eager to bring their products to market and to capitalize on the newfound interest in this once-taboo plant.
But even as the industry blossomed, new threats began to emerge – threats that could not have existed during the days of prohibition. Threats that were invisible, insidious, and difficult to detect.
One such threat was the hop latent viroid – a plant-specific pathogenic RNA that had begun to ravage cannabis crops across the globe. At first, the viroid had gone unnoticed, lurking in the shadows like a silent assassin.
But as more and more growers began to fall victim to its effects, it became clear that something had to be done. The viroid had the potential to destroy entire crops, decimating the fledgling industry and leaving countless people out of work.
And so, a new battle began. A battle not against governments or police, but against an invisible enemy that threatened to destroy everything that the industry had worked so hard to build.
As scientists raced to develop new treatments and growers struggled to protect their crops, the cannabis industry found itself facing a new kind of adversity – one that could not be fought with fists or weapons, but with knowledge, skill, and innovation.
It was a new kind of frontier, a new kind of battle, and a new kind of threat. But the cannabis industry was nothing if not resilient, and it was determined to overcome this latest challenge, just as it had overcome so many others before.
And so, the fight against the hop latent viroid continues. But with each passing day, the industry grows stronger, more united, and more determined to build a brighter future for all.
Now for what’s really going on…
That story is the story of the cannabis industry, how it escaped the clutches of prohibition only to be faced with a new challenge – pathogens!
Hop latent viroid, a highly infectious crop disease, is posing a grave threat to the cannabis industry across the United States. The virus, which is a plant-specific pathogenic RNA, has been called the greatest threat to the industry and can easily spread undetected, affecting the potency of plants and destroying the commercial value of crops.
The pathogen has now spread from California to Massachusetts, and almost all of California’s marijuana nurseries were affected in 2021. As cannabis remains illegal on a federal level, growers are not able to ship plants across state lines, which has created a gray area in some state regulations that allows growers to acquire seeds or immature plants from out of state. This has led to an increase in the spread of the virus.
Growers have to take rigorous precautions to prevent the spread of hop latent viroid, including regular lab testing, sourcing plants from pre-tested seed or local stock, and strict sanitation procedures. Companies that cut corners to save time and money are now facing the consequences of the virus, which can only be dealt with by destroying everything affected.
While hop latent viroid is just one pathogen that poses a threat to the cannabis industry, it highlights the importance of scientific testing and the need for higher standards in the industry. As more companies and products enter the commercial cannabis market, the threat of disease puts pressure on businesses to prioritize safety over the bottom line.
The consequences of the virus are not just limited to the financial impact on growers, but also to the health and safety of consumers. Contaminated products could hurt consumers, which emphasizes the need for proper testing and adherence to regulations. However, there isn’t much evidence of this just yet. Nonetheless, it’s important that people not consume these pathogens which is why some form of regulation – especially on the commercial sector – does call for “some” regulation. Mainly within the sphere of product safety.
It’s important that this problem be dealt with promptly to prevent further damage to the already fragile cannabis industry, which is facing increasing competition and a drop in demand. The Cannabis Control Commission in Massachusetts is building out testing and lab staff to ensure compliance with regulations, and more research needs to be done to ensure the safety of the industry.
This is something that will become more prevalent as the cannabis industry continues to expand their reach into new markets. In fact, international pathogens could soon be a problem, and how these pathogens impact global markets will have an impact on prices.
The Age of Pathogens
The prevalence of cannabis-related pathogens is a growing concern for the cannabis industry. While hop latent viroid has recently grabbed the attention of growers, there are many other pathogens that have the potential to harm cannabis crops. Some are well-known, like powdery mildew and botrytis, while others are more obscure.
Pathogens like these can cause significant damage to cannabis crops, leading to yield loss, reduced potency, and increased susceptibility to other diseases. They can also be difficult to detect and control, which makes prevention and preparedness essential to maintaining crop integrity.
One way to address this issue is by keeping genetic records of all cannabis plants. By maintaining a record of genetic information for each plant, growers can identify and track specific genotypes that are more resilient to certain pathogens. This will allow them to make informed decisions when choosing which plants to cultivate, and to develop strategies for managing specific pathogens.
Furthermore, maintaining genetic records can also help unlock the potential medical properties that could be locked away in a particular genotype. By understanding the genetic makeup of cannabis plants and how they interact with different pathogens, scientists can identify the chemical compounds and properties that may be useful for treating a variety of ailments.
In addition to genetic records, there are other strategies that can be employed to prevent the spread of cannabis-related pathogens. These include proper sanitation procedures, regular lab testing, and sourcing plants from pre-tested seed or local stock.
It’s also important to note that new pathogens are always emerging, and there’s a lot that we still don’t know about the potential threats to cannabis crops. This highlights the need for continued research and innovation in the industry, as well as a willingness to adapt and evolve in the face of new challenges.
Small-scale cannabis growers face unique challenges when it comes to protecting their crops from pathogens. Unlike large commercial growers who have access to extensive resources, small growers must rely on more practical and cost-effective methods to ensure the health and vitality of their plants. Here are some of the most practical ways that small grows can protect themselves from pathogens, along with some best practices and tips for building a seed vault.
One of the most important steps small growers can take to protect their crops is to start with clean genetics. This means sourcing seeds or clones from reputable breeders who have a proven track record of producing healthy, pathogen-free plants. By starting with clean genetics, small growers can avoid introducing pathogens into their grows in the first place.
Regular sanitation is also crucial for small grows. This includes regularly cleaning and disinfecting all equipment, tools, and surfaces in the grow area. Growers should also take care to avoid cross-contamination by not moving between grows without cleaning and changing clothes.
Another practical step small growers can take is to implement regular lab testing. This can be expensive, but many labs offer affordable testing packages for small growers. Regular testing can help detect pathogens early, allowing growers to take action before the problem becomes more serious.
Using natural pest control methods is another practical approach that small growers can take. For example, using beneficial insects like ladybugs and praying mantises can help control pests like spider mites and aphids without the use of harmful chemicals.
Building a seed vault is also a practical way for small growers to protect themselves from pathogens. A seed vault is a collection of seeds that are stored in a cool, dry place for future use. By maintaining a collection of seeds from a variety of strains, small growers can ensure that they always have a backup plan in case of crop failure or contamination.
To start building a seed vault, small growers should first determine which strains they want to collect. It’s a good idea to focus on strains that are known to be resilient to pathogens and that have a proven track record of success. Once the strains have been identified, growers can start collecting seeds by purchasing them from reputable seed banks or by collecting them from their own plants.
Once the seeds have been collected, small growers should store them in a cool, dry place. A refrigerator or a cool, dark room is ideal for storing seeds. Growers should also take care to label each seed with the strain name and the date of collection.
These are the most practical steps you can take to ensure that no matter how harsh it gets out there, you’re able to weather the storm and keep your ship afloat. By ship, I’m referring to your cannabis grow of course!
MORE ON HLV, READ ON…
You may like
-
Minnesota: Ishkode cannabis dispensary is now open at Vermilion
-
Ohio House Republicans’ cannabis measure a ‘slap in face,’ NORML says
-
Save 30% all month long at The Dispensary Fulton
-
Ohioans activate to defend weed legalization from lawmakers
-
It All Turned A Bit Bogan At Aussie Medical Cannabis Symposium
-
Building cannabis brands that reach across markets
Cannabis News
Should Medical Marijuana Be Allowed in Worker’s Comp Claims?
Published
4 days agoon
March 6, 2025By
admin
A recent proposal in California has sparked debate among lawmakers, medical professionals, and cannabis advocates. The proposed legislation seeks to prevent insurance companies from covering medical marijuana expenses in workers’ compensation cases. This move has raised concerns about the impact on injured workers who rely on medical marijuana to manage their chronic pain and other work-related health issues.
Background on Medical Marijuana in California
California has been at the forefront of medical marijuana legalization, with voters approving Proposition 215 in 1996. The law allows patients to use medical marijuana with a doctor’s recommendation. Since then, the state has expanded its medical marijuana program, and recreational cannabis use was legalized in 2016.
The Proposal: Assembly bill 566
Assembly Bill 566, introduced by Assemblyman Henry Perea (D-Fresno), aims to amend the California Labor Code to exclude medical marijuana from coverage under workers’ compensation insurance. The bill argues that medical marijuana is not a “medically necessary” treatment, as it is still classified as a Schedule I controlled substance under federal law.
Implications for Injured Workers
Proponents of the bill argue that it would help reduce costs for employers and insurance companies. However, opponents claim that it would unfairly deny injured workers access to a treatment option that has proven effective in managing chronic pain and other work-related health issues.
Medical marijuana has been shown to be a safer alternative to opioids, which are often prescribed to injured workers. By excluding medical marijuana coverage, critics argue that the proposal would push workers towards more addictive and potentially deadly opioid-based treatments.
Cannabis Advocates and Medical Professionals Weigh In
Cannabis advocates and medical professionals have expressed concerns about the proposal, citing the need for further research and the importance of patient access to alternative treatments.
“The proposal is misguided and ignores the growing body of evidence supporting the therapeutic benefits of medical marijuana,” said Dr. David Bearman, a physician and cannabis expert. “Injured workers deserve access to all available treatment options, including medical marijuana.”
Here are the concerns from the medical community and potential consequences of the proposal to exclude medical marijuana from workers’ compensation coverage:
Concerns from the Medical Community
-
Denial of Access to Alternative Treatment: Medical professionals and cannabis advocates argue that the proposal would deny injured workers access to a safer, alternative treatment for chronic pain. Medical marijuana has been shown to be an effective treatment option for managing chronic pain, inflammation, and other work-related health issues.
-
Increased Risk of Opioid Addiction: By excluding medical marijuana coverage, workers may be pushed towards more addictive and potentially deadly opioid-based treatments. This could lead to a rise in opioid addiction and overdose cases among injured workers.
-
Reduced Quality of Life: Injured workers who rely on medical marijuana to manage their chronic pain and other health issues may experience a reduced quality of life if they are denied access to this treatment option. This could lead to decreased productivity, increased absenteeism, and a range of other negative outcomes.
-
Negative Impact on Mental Health: Medical marijuana has been shown to have a positive impact on mental health, reducing symptoms of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). By denying access to medical marijuana, injured workers may experience a decline in their mental health and well-being.
-
Lack of Alternative Treatment Options: Medical professionals may be forced to prescribe alternative treatments that are less effective or have more severe side effects. This could lead to a range of negative outcomes, including decreased patient satisfaction, increased healthcare costs, and a range of other negative consequences.
Potential Consequences
-
Increased Healthcare Costs: By denying access to medical marijuana, injured workers may be forced to seek more expensive treatment options, leading to increased healthcare costs for employers, insurance companies, and taxpayers.
-
Reduced Productivity: Injured workers who are denied access to medical marijuana may experience a decline in their productivity, leading to decreased economic output and increased costs for employers.
-
Negative Impact on Worker Retention: Employers who deny access to medical marijuana may experience a negative impact on worker retention, as injured workers seek employment with companies that offer more comprehensive benefits.
-
Increased Litigation: The proposal may lead to increased litigation, as injured workers seek to challenge the denial of medical marijuana coverage. This could lead to increased costs for employers, insurance companies, and taxpayers.
Conclusion
The proposal to exclude medical marijuana from workers’ compensation coverage in California raises important concerns about the impact on injured workers, employers, and the healthcare system as a whole. While the proposal’s proponents argue that it would reduce costs and align with federal law, the medical community and cannabis advocates warn that it would deny injured workers access to a safer, alternative treatment for chronic pain and other work-related health issues. Ultimately, the decision should be based on scientific evidence and a commitment to providing injured workers with the most effective and compassionate care possible, prioritizing their needs and recognizing the therapeutic value of medical marijuana.
WORKER’S AND WEED, READ ON…
Cannabis News
The Rise and Fall of the Cannabis Industry
Published
7 days agoon
March 3, 2025By
admin
The Rise and Fall of the Cannabis Industry
The cannabis industry has undergone a radical transformation over the past forty years. What began as an obscure and illegal activity hidden in the shadows has blossomed into a multi-billion dollar industry that spans across multiple states and even countries. However, this evolution hasn’t come without significant growing pains. Is Trump 2.0 part of a new avenue for cannabis?
Throughout this journey, we’ve witnessed both tremendous benefits and troubling issues emerge from a complex web of factors: overregulation that strangles small businesses, persistent black market competition that undercuts legal operators, and federal government interference that creates a patchwork of contradictory policies.
Today, we’re going to explore a region that could be considered the birthplace of American cannabis culture – Humboldt County and the broader Emerald Triangle of Northern California. This legendary growing region helped put cannabis on the map long before dispensaries dotted urban landscapes and corporate cannabis became a reality.
Let’s dive into how this iconic marijuana mecca rose to prominence, flourished during the golden years, and now faces an uncertain future as the industry continues to evolve beneath the weight of legalization’s complicated aftermath.
Let’s go!
Though I’ve never personally visited Humboldt County, its reputation in cannabis culture is legendary. Those winding roads through towering redwoods and misty mountains have become almost mythical in the stories told by those who’ve made the pilgrimage to America’s most famous growing region.
The cannabis industry in Humboldt didn’t spring up overnight. It has roots stretching back to the counterculture movement of the 1960s, when idealistic young people fled urban centers in search of simpler, more authentic lives. These back-to-the-landers discovered that the region’s remote location and ideal growing conditions made it perfect for cultivating cannabis—a crop that could actually sustain their pursuit of alternative lifestyles.
What began as a means of self-sufficiency for hippie communes soon evolved into something much more substantial. According to Paul Modic’s historical account of Humboldt’s cannabis industry, the price per pound jumped from $1,000 in 1975 to a staggering $5,000 by the early ’90s. With these kinds of returns, cannabis cultivation in the Emerald Triangle transformed from a countercultural statement into a serious economic engine.
Modic refers to this economic boon as “the Green Nipple,” a colorful term suggesting how the industry nourished an entire regional economy. Growers were able to build homes, raise families, support local businesses, and create a unique culture that blended environmental consciousness with a fiercely independent spirit. During these boom years, cannabis money flowed freely through communities like Garberville, Redway, and Willits, supporting everything from hardware stores to schools.
But as with any gold rush, the good times couldn’t last forever. The passage of Proposition 215 in 1996, which legalized medical marijuana in California, marked the beginning of significant change. While seemingly a victory for cannabis advocates, it inadvertently opened the floodgates for increased production. As more people jumped into cultivation, supply increased and prices began their long, steady decline.
By the early 2010s, according to Modic, the “Green Nipple” had transformed into what he aptly calls the “Green Monkey”—were you riding it, or was it riding you? Growers had to dramatically scale up operations just to maintain their previous income levels. Where once a modest garden could support a family, now multiple light-deprivation greenhouses and larger grows became necessary.
The stress of managing larger operations brought new challenges: more workers to supervise, increased risk of crop failure from pests or mold, and the perennial challenge of finding buyers for ever-larger harvests. As Modic points out, these stresses replaced the previous concerns about “cops and helicopters,” which had “mostly disappeared from the list of stresses by then.”
Little did these growers know that the real challenges were still to come, as full legalization loomed on the horizon and would forever change the landscape they had helped create.
On November 8, 2016, California voters passed Proposition 64, legalizing recreational cannabis use throughout the state. For decades, legalization had been the rallying cry for cannabis activists, the holy grail that would end prohibition and usher in a new era of freedom and prosperity. But for many small farmers in Humboldt County, legalization would prove to be a poisoned chalice.
The promise of legalization was seductive: no more helicopter raids, no more fear of prison, and legitimate business status. What wasn’t as apparent was the bureaucratic nightmare awaiting those who chose to enter the legal market.
Modic’s account provides several telling examples of farmers who attempted to navigate the new legal landscape, only to find themselves drowning in expenses and red tape. He writes about “one grower from Salmon Creek” who went to the bank and reported, “Estelle told me it would cost $20,000 to go legal, now I’ve got $100,000 into it and it’s a big hassle, but I’m in too deep to stop and have to keep trying to finish the paperwork.”
Another farmer from Ettersburg, according to Modic, was “complaining that it had already cost him a few hundred thousand dollars to ‘come into compliance,’ he was still far from getting his license, and if he could do it all over, he wouldn’t.” Modic later observed that this once “handsome and youthful-looking” farmer was later spotted “looking old and haggard, and still struggling with his large weed farm.”
The regulatory requirements for legal operation proved to be prohibitively complex and expensive. Environmental impact reports, water rights documentation, building permits for structures that had existed for decades, application fees, consultancy costs—the list went on and on.
The California Department of Fish and Wildlife became a particular obstacle for many farmers. Modic tells the story of “a former clone dealer from Sprowel Creek” who had a property with a spring that “started and stopped on his forty acres, one of the state requirements for licensing.” Despite this seemingly perfect setup, when Fish and Wildlife examined his land, they “discovered damage from logging decades before he bought it back in the seventies, and the expensive remediation costs would be more than the land was worth.” The farmer had no choice but to dump the property “at a loss.”
Meanwhile, as small farmers struggled to navigate the regulatory labyrinth, large corporations with significant financial backing moved in. These operations could afford compliance costs and were positioned to produce cannabis at scale, driving prices even lower. The pound price, which had already fallen to around $1,000 post-medical legalization, plummeted to $500 and then to a devastating $250 after recreational legalization, according to Modic’s account.
For context, when prices were $5,000 per pound, a farmer could make a good living with just 20 pounds per year. At $250 per pound, that same farmer would need to produce 400 pounds just to maintain their income—a scale impossible for many small operations and certainly not feasible within the constraints of legal permits for small grows.
The cruel irony wasn’t lost on the community: the very plant that had enabled generations to live independently in this rural paradise was now, under legalization, becoming the instrument of their economic demise. For many, the choice became stark: attempt to operate legally and face financial ruin, continue growing illicitly with increased risk, or abandon cannabis cultivation altogether.
As Modic notes, “businesses in town have closed, the hills have emptied out, and would-be farmers who got in late and have large land payments are abandoning their land.” The promise of legalization was revealing itself to be a complex and often devastating reality for the very communities that had built California’s cannabis industry.
When California voters approved recreational cannabis, many predicted the black market would quickly fade away. After all, why would consumers take risks with illegal purchases when they could simply walk into a licensed dispensary? Why would growers continue operating in the shadows when they could run legitimate businesses?
The reality has proven far more complicated, and the black market hasn’t just survived—in many ways, it’s thrived.
Industry analysts estimate that in 2022, California’s legal cannabis market generated approximately $5.3 billion in sales—impressive until you consider that the state’s illicit market was estimated to be worth $8 billion or more. Despite legalization, the majority of cannabis consumption in California still occurs outside the regulated system.
For Humboldt farmers, the persistence of the black market presents both an opportunity and a dilemma. As Modic observes in his historical account, “Many of those who are able to stay are looking for regular jobs with which to survive in this depressed economy, as the pound price plummets to $250.” However, he also notes that “there’s still farmers with good connections growing and selling like it’s 2008, and may have a few good years left.”
This suggests a divided industry where those with established out-of-state connections can still find buyers willing to pay premium prices, especially in prohibition states where cannabis remains scarce. However, this path comes with significant risks. Federal enforcement remains a threat, especially for interstate trafficking. Furthermore, as more states legalize and develop their own cannabis industries, these out-of-state markets become increasingly competitive.
The more troubling aspect of the thriving black market is what it reveals about the legal framework California has created. When licensed businesses struggle to compete with illicit operations, it suggests fundamental flaws in the regulatory system. The excessive taxation—which can reach 40% when combining state excise tax, local taxes, and other fees—creates an insurmountable price gap between legal and illegal cannabis.
Additionally, the limited number of licensed retail outlets throughout the state means many consumers don’t have convenient access to legal cannabis. With approximately 75% of California municipalities banning cannabis businesses, vast “cannabis deserts” exist where consumers have no choice but to turn to the black market.
For Humboldt’s legal growers, this dynamic is particularly frustrating. They’ve invested heavily in compliance, only to watch their illicit competitors undercut them without consequence. Many legal operations resort to what industry insiders sometimes call “diversion”—selling a portion of their crop into the illicit market to remain financially viable.
This reality points to a broader failure in California’s approach to legalization. Rather than creating a functioning legal market that could absorb and transform existing cannabis operations, the state has inadvertently strengthened the very black market it sought to eliminate.
For Humboldt County, this means the cannabis economy continues to operate in a precarious gray zone—neither fully legal nor completely illicit, with participants forced to navigate an increasingly complex and risky landscape.
Perhaps the most important question raised by the transformation of Humboldt’s cannabis industry concerns the fate of the pioneers who built it. As Modic asks in his historical account, “What’s going to happen to all those back-to-the-landers and old growers, now in their seventies and eighties, still living in their off-grid cabins in the middle of nowhere, without the steady income they had over the last forty years, and no retirement plan?”
It’s a profound question that highlights the human cost of this industrial transformation. For decades, these growers operated outside traditional economic systems. They didn’t have 401(k)s or pensions. Their retirement plan was their land and their annual cannabis crop. Now, with prices at historic lows and their physical ability to manage farms diminishing with age, many face an uncertain future.
Some have managed to sell their properties to younger growers or to transplants seeking rural lifestyles, but the collapse in cannabis prices has significantly devalued land throughout the region. Properties that might have sold for millions during the boom years now struggle to find buyers at a fraction of those prices.
Others have attempted to transition to different crops or businesses, with varying degrees of success. There are nascent efforts to develop Humboldt as a cannabis tourism destination, leveraging the region’s storied reputation. Some farms have opened for tours, created farm-stay experiences, or developed educational programs about cannabis cultivation.
Local support networks have emerged as well. Community organizations provide assistance to aging growers, helping them access social services they might have avoided during their years operating in the illegal market. There are food banks specifically serving rural communities and mutual aid networks where neighbors help neighbors.
County and state officials have largely failed to address this looming crisis. The same regulators who created nearly impossible compliance requirements for small farmers have offered little in terms of support for those displaced by the industry’s transformation. There are no pension programs for retired cannabis farmers, no transitional assistance for those whose livelihoods have evaporated.
The situation represents a broader ethical question about legalization: what responsibility do we have to those who built an industry while it was still illegal? These pioneers took significant risks, faced potential imprisonment, and developed the cannabis varieties and cultivation techniques that the legal industry now profits from. Yet they’ve been largely abandoned in the rush toward corporate cannabis.
For communities throughout Humboldt County, the human cost of this transition is impossible to ignore. Empty storefronts in once-thriving towns, properties reclaimed by banks, and elderly residents struggling to survive are the visible manifestations of an economic collapse that could have been mitigated with more thoughtful regulation.
The pioneers of Humboldt’s cannabis industry didn’t just grow a plant—they created a culture and an economy that sustained thousands of people for generations. As that era comes to a close, we must confront difficult questions about what we owe to those who came before and how we might create a more inclusive cannabis industry moving forward.
After reviewing historical accounts like Modic’s and analyzing reports from throughout the region, I’ve come to a sobering conclusion: what we’re witnessing isn’t simply market evolution but rather a deliberate transfer of wealth and opportunity from small independent producers to large corporate interests.
The cannabis industry that sustained generations of Humboldt residents wasn’t perfect. It operated outside the law, sometimes attracted unsavory elements, and certainly had environmental impacts. But it also represented something uniquely American—a decentralized economy where individuals with limited capital could build sustainable livelihoods through their own labor and ingenuity.
The promise of legalization was that it would bring these operations into the light, providing consumer protection while allowing the existing industry to thrive legally. Instead, the regulatory framework that emerged seems almost perfectly designed to eliminate small producers while creating opportunities for well-capitalized newcomers.
This doesn’t appear to be accidental. The excessive regulatory requirements, the high cost of compliance, the limited retail licenses, and the heavy tax burden combine to create insurmountable barriers for small operators. Meanwhile, large multi-state operators can absorb these costs while scaling up production to maintain profitability despite falling prices.
For consumers, this transformation means less diversity in cannabis products, as corporate cultivation favors high-yield strains over the unique varieties developed by Humboldt’s craft growers. For communities, it means the loss of an economic engine that supported everything from schools to social services through the circulation of cannabis dollars.
Most troublingly, the current regulatory regime has failed to achieve even its stated goals. The black market remains robust, suggesting that the legal framework hasn’t created a functioning alternative. Environmental issues persist, both from non-compliant grows and from the massive legal operations that have replaced smaller farms.
Looking forward, there are potential paths to improvement. Reduced tax burdens could help legal operators compete with the black market. Streamlined regulations could make compliance achievable for small farmers. Interstate commerce, if eventually permitted, could open new markets for California’s producers. Craft cannabis designations, similar to wine appellations, could help small farmers distinguish their products in the marketplace.
But for many of Humboldt’s original cannabis families, these changes would come too late. The community and culture they built over decades is already unraveling, a casualty of well-intentioned but fundamentally flawed legalization policies.
The rise and fall of Humboldt’s cannabis industry serves as a cautionary tale for other regions pursuing legalization. It demonstrates that how we legalize matters just as much as whether we legalize. If we truly value diversity, sustainability, and opportunity in the cannabis space, we must create regulatory frameworks that support these values rather than undermining them.
For those of us who care about cannabis culture and the communities built around it, the challenge now is to advocate for policies that preserve what was valuable about the legacy market while addressing its legitimate problems. The alternative—a cannabis industry dominated by the same corporate interests that control so many other sectors of our economy—would represent a profound loss, not just for cannabis consumers but for American culture as a whole.
INSPIRATION:
kymkemp.com/2025/02/21/sohum-history-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-marijuana-industry/
https://kymkemp.com/2025/02/21/sohum-history-the-rise-and-fall-of-the-marijuana-industry/
TRUMP ON CANNABIS THE SECOND TIME AROUND, READ ON…
WHAT DOES TRUMP’S NEW CANNABIS POLICY LOOK LIKE?
Cannabis News
America is Rethinking Marijuana Legalization
Published
1 week agoon
March 1, 2025By
admin
Rethinking Marijuana Legalization: A Response to the National Review
Cannabis legalization has swept across America in waves, creating a patchwork of policies that vary dramatically from state to state. Some jurisdictions embrace full recreational use, others permit medical applications only, while some maintain total prohibition. This inconsistent legal landscape makes it nearly impossible to accurately measure the success or failure of legalization efforts. Without uniform policies and implementations, any cost-benefit analysis becomes murky at best.
In this fragmented environment, opinions about cannabis legalization remain sharply divided. Some celebrate newfound freedoms and opportunities, while others lament perceived social costs and unintended consequences. The National Review recently published an opinion piece questioning whether we should reconsider marijuana legalization altogether, citing several issues they believe undermine the case for legal cannabis.
Today, I’m going to examine these claims with a critical eye. While I agree that we absolutely should “rethink” marijuana legalization, my conclusion differs dramatically from the National Review’s perspective. Rather than retreating from legalization, I believe we need to push forward with more comprehensive reforms that address the legitimate concerns while delivering on the promised benefits.
The current half-measures and regulatory inconsistencies have created a situation where neither prohibitionists nor advocates are satisfied with the outcomes. Only through thoughtful, evidence-based policy adjustments can we realize the full potential of legalization while minimizing downsides. So yes, let’s rethink marijuana legalization – but let’s make sure we’re using all the available data and considering the root causes of any implementation problems.
The National Review piece relies heavily on arguments from Manhattan Institute Senior Fellow Steven Malanga, who suggests legalization has failed to deliver on its promises. The article highlights several key complaints:
-
The pervasive smell of marijuana in public spaces
-
Failure to eliminate black markets
-
Disappointing tax revenue that sometimes requires taxpayer subsidies
-
Increased usage rates contrary to predictions
-
Health concerns, particularly regarding psychosis
-
Perceived connections between cannabis and “social breakdown”
Let’s tackle these points one by one:
The Smell: While cannabis odor can be noticeable, this concern fundamentally misunderstands the concept of liberty in a diverse society. If someone is consuming cannabis in their private residence or in designated areas, their personal choices shouldn’t be criminalized simply because others find the smell unpleasant. Just as we accommodate cigarette smokers in designated areas and don’t ban cooking pungent foods, cannabis consumption can be managed through reasonable time, place, and manner restrictions. The development of cannabis social clubs, similar to cigar lounges, would further localize any odor concerns.
Black Markets:
The persistence of illicit markets isn’t a failure of legalization itself but rather of its incomplete implementation. Black markets thrive precisely because cannabis remains federally illegal, creating banking restrictions, interstate commerce prohibitions, and excessive regulatory burdens that drive up costs for legal operators. States with more reasonable tax structures and fewer arbitrary licensing caps have seen significantly less illicit market activity.
Tax Revenue:
Despite claims to the contrary, legal cannabis has generated billions in tax revenue. Colorado alone has collected over $1.6 billion in marijuana taxes since 2014, funding education, public health, and infrastructure projects. Washington state has generated over $3 billion. While projections may have been overoptimistic in some jurisdictions, this hardly constitutes a failure – it simply indicates a need for more realistic forecasting and better-designed tax structures.
Health Risks:
Cannabis, like any substance, carries certain risks. However, comparative risk assessments consistently show it’s less harmful than legal substances like alcohol and tobacco. Dr. David Nutt’s famous study published in The Lancet ranked alcohol as far more harmful to users and society than cannabis. To focus on potential cannabis risks while ignoring the well-documented devastation of legal substances reveals a problematic double standard.
Usage Patterns:
Youth cannabis use has actually declined or remained stable in many states following legalization, contradicting prohibitionist predictions. Meanwhile, increased use among adults reflects exactly what legalization was designed to accomplish – providing adults with safe, legal access to a substance many find beneficial for relaxation, creativity, or medical symptoms. The decline in youth consumption likely stems partly from reduced novelty and rebellion appeal once cannabis becomes a regulated product rather than a forbidden fruit.
To fully realize the promises of cannabis legalization, we need a more comprehensive approach that addresses the legitimate concerns while removing the artificial constraints that have hampered success.
First and foremost, federal legalization is essential. The current federal prohibition creates unnecessary complications for banking, research, interstate commerce, and taxation. It forces businesses to operate on a cash basis, creating security risks and inefficiencies. It prevents the development of national brands and economies of scale that could drive down consumer costs. And it maintains the Schedule I classification that hampers medical research and perpetuates stigma.
Second, home cultivation rights must be protected. Allowing adults to grow limited amounts of cannabis for personal use provides a safety valve against monopolistic market structures and excessive pricing. It empowers consumers, reduces black market incentives, and recognizes that cannabis is, fundamentally, a plant that people have grown for thousands of years. States that have embraced home grow rights like Michigan and Colorado have seen thriving legal markets alongside personal cultivation.
Third, we need sensible regulatory structures that protect public health without imposing unnecessary burdens. This includes reasonable testing requirements, clear labeling standards, and age restrictions. However, excessive regulations that serve only to limit market participation or drive up costs without clear public health benefits should be eliminated. The current system in many states has created oligopolistic markets where licenses cost millions, shutting out small businesses and social equity applicants.
Fourth, tax policies need recalibration. Excessive taxation, especially when layered across cultivation, processing, and retail levels, drives up consumer prices and fuels black markets. A simple, moderate tax based on potency or sale price would generate revenue while allowing legal markets to compete with illicit operations.
Finally, we need honest education about both the benefits and risks of cannabis. Fear-mongering and exaggeration undermine credibility, while dismissing legitimate concerns is equally problematic. The vast majority of consumers—likely over 95%—will never experience serious adverse effects. However, those with predispositions to certain mental health conditions, particularly adolescents whose brains are still developing, face higher risks that should be clearly communicated.
When we take a clear-eyed look at cannabis legalization’s mixed results, the solution becomes evident: we don’t need less legalization—we need more complete, thoughtful implementation. The problems cited by critics largely stem not from legalization itself, but from the compromised, piecemeal approaches that have characterized policy reform thus far.
Federal legalization with home cultivation rights would strike a devastating blow to illegal markets by allowing interstate commerce, normalizing banking relationships, and recognizing the fundamental right of adults to grow a plant for personal use. The black market doesn’t thrive because legalization failed; it thrives because our current approach is incomplete and inconsistent.
Overtaxing and overregulating legitimate cannabis businesses while maintaining federal prohibition creates the worst of all worlds—high consumer prices, limited access, and continued incentives for illicit operators. We can’t expect the black market to disappear when we’ve designed systems that actively advantage it.
The National Review article gets one thing right—we should indeed rethink marijuana legalization. But instead of retreat, we need to advance toward more coherent, evidence-based policies that truly put “We the People” at the center. Give Americans the freedom to grow their own cannabis, purchase from a diverse marketplace of businesses both small and large, and make personal health decisions without government interference.
Do that, and watch the promises of legalization—reduced black markets, significant tax revenue, controlled access for adults, and diminished criminal influence—finally come to fruition. It’s time to complete the journey we’ve started, not turn back halfway.
TRUMP 2.0 ON LEGAL WEED? READ ON…
WHAT TRUMP’S CANNABIS POLICIES MEAN FOR AMERICA AND THE WORLD!

Minnesota: Ishkode cannabis dispensary is now open at Vermilion

Ohio House Republicans’ cannabis measure a ‘slap in face,’ NORML says

Save 30% all month long at The Dispensary Fulton

Ohioans activate to defend weed legalization from lawmakers

It All Turned A Bit Bogan At Aussie Medical Cannabis Symposium

Building cannabis brands that reach across markets

ILGM’s Home Grow Tour 2025

Should Medical Marijuana Be Allowed in Worker’s Comp Claims?

Karma Koala Podcast 238: Daniel Shortt Launches New Firm With Partner Perry Salzhauer In Pacific NW

Trump invites former cannabis prisoner to speech, but doesn’t mention cannabis (Newsletter: February 5, 2025)

Distressed Cannabis Business Takeaways – Canna Law Blog™

United States: Alex Malyshev And Melinda Fellner Discuss The Intersection Of Tax And Cannabis In New Video Series – Part VI: Licensing (Video)

What you Need to Know

Drug Testing for Marijuana – The Joint Blog

NCIA Write About Their Equity Scholarship Program

It has been a wild news week – here’s how CBD and weed can help you relax

Cannabis, alcohol firm SNDL loses CA$372.4 million in 2022

A new April 20 cannabis contest includes a $40,000 purse

Your Go-To Source for Cannabis Logos and Designs

UArizona launches online cannabis compliance online course
Trending
-
Cannabis News2 years ago
Distressed Cannabis Business Takeaways – Canna Law Blog™
-
One-Hit Wonders2 years ago
United States: Alex Malyshev And Melinda Fellner Discuss The Intersection Of Tax And Cannabis In New Video Series – Part VI: Licensing (Video)
-
Cannabis 1012 years ago
What you Need to Know
-
drug testing1 year ago
Drug Testing for Marijuana – The Joint Blog
-
Education2 years ago
NCIA Write About Their Equity Scholarship Program
-
Cannabis2 years ago
It has been a wild news week – here’s how CBD and weed can help you relax
-
Marijuana Business Daily2 years ago
Cannabis, alcohol firm SNDL loses CA$372.4 million in 2022
-
California2 years ago
A new April 20 cannabis contest includes a $40,000 purse