Connect with us

Cannabis News

Marijuana as Schedule III: Woe is Me?

Published

on


Unless you’ve been living under a rock, you know that a pretty historic announcement was made last week by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). HHS officially recommended that marijuana be rescheduled from Schedule I to Schedule III of the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

The HHS news means that the country’s top health agency has finally conceded that cannabis has medical value, and isn’t a drug of abuse on par with fentanyl or heroin. Many people in the cannabis industry are convinced that this HHS recommendation to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) means that the DEA will undertake this rescheduling (and fairly quickly, too–which would be a huge departure from its refusal to reschedule back in 2016).

If  cannabis goes from a Schedule I to a Schedule III, the cannabis industry as we know it will forever change. We recently wrote about three facts and myths from this massive development, but in this post I want to cover what I think legal cannabis looks like in the U.S. if the plant is moved to Schedule III. While all existing cannabis companies will benefit from axing I.R.C. 280E from their business plans and medical research will finally open up, I think the longer game ultimately spells trouble for our current state-legal cannabis industry. Just my two cents; feel free to disagree.

Schedule III is not a free-for-all

Schedule III controlled substances are classified by the DEA as drugs with low to moderate potential for physical and psychological dependence. According to the DEA, when misused, these drugs can still lead to abuse or addiction, even if less dangerous than Schedule I or II controlled substances. Schedule III’s are not available over-the-counter; you can only secure them via a prescription from your treating healthcare provider. This is the reason, for example, that you can’t go to your local gas station and pick up suboxone next to the beer aisle.

Furthermore, states have their own mini-CSAs that are pretty much lock-step with the federal CSA. This means that under both state and federal laws, only certain healthcare providers or licensed pharmacists can dispense (or even refill) Schedule III controlled substances. And, of course, a Schedule III controlled substance can only be prescribed for a “a legitimate medical reason”, which entails maintaining a valid record of care through a treating healthcare provider.

Needless to say, cannabis being re-classified as a Schedule III tees it up for an endless amount of healthcare regulation, from how it will be produced, stored, and dispensed to applicable standards of care. I personally work with ketamine clinics, and ketamine is a Schedule III controlled substance. All of those clients have to deal with a myriad of healthcare law and regulatory issues under both federal and state law, and the cost of compliance is not cheap. We should also see other professional conduct rules for the physicians, healthcare providers, and pharmacists who prescribe and supply approved forms of cannabis, including mandatory drug monitoring programs.

All of this will be a wild departure from the medical cannabis dispensaries that mainly exist today (with the exception of maybe a handful of states that basically have a de facto pharmacy model in place now). As a footnote, since the early 2000s, physicians have had a constitutional right to discuss with their patients the medical benefits and use of cannabis, but they’ve only ever been able to “recommend” its use under state law, which spared everyone the immense headache of dealing with existing healthcare laws and regulations.

Existing healthcare laws and regulations

If you’re still thinking that pursuit of a cannabis enterprise is for you after its reschedule to a III, you need to consider the bevvy of healthcare regulation you’ll now face. The first hurdle is probably the corporate practice of medicine doctrine (CPOM). Cannabis businesses are used to cottage-style rules where there are residency restrictions or other barriers to entry to keep things local and/or small, but the CPOM doctrine is a different and much harsher animal altogether.

In the CPOM sandbox, licensed healthcare providers can only form certain kinds of business entities through which to practice medicine, and they can only go into business with a short list of other healthcare providers with extremely limited exceptions. Generally, healthcare providers also cannot pay for referrals, engage in kickbacks, or fee split across the board, again with very limited exceptions. And if you plan on taking Medicaid, Medicare, or any other government-based or private insurance money, depending on the state you’re in and what reimbursement you seek, you’re also facing the Anti-Kickback Statute, Stark Law, other fraud and abuse laws, and their state law equivalents.

I think I can safely say that no state-legal cannabis company in existence today is dealing with these issues right now, and I haven’t even scratched the surface on things like the application of HIPAA, dealing with electronic health information, or compliance with the Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act when it comes to production. That is a much longer post. And, again, it’s not like no cannabis company could get in line with this kind of compliance, but the question is how much do they want to spend to do so and can they legally enlist the proper healthcare providers to accomplish the end game without violating the endless spiderweb of existing healthcare laws in the U.S.

Cannabis drug development

With potentially moving to Schedule III, cannabis research will become easier almost overnight. Right now, as a Schedule I, research is still nearly impossible. Moving to a III undoubtedly means more drug development exploration. This will introduce the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and its Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) into the game, too. Depending on who you are in the regulatory pipeline, this makes you either very excited or very upset. Per the FDA’s own website:

Drug companies seeking to sell a drug in the United States must first test it. The company then sends CDER the evidence from these tests to prove the drug is safe and effective for its intended use. A team of CDER physicians, statisticians, chemists, pharmacologists, and other scientists reviews the company’s data and proposed labeling. If this independent and unbiased review establishes that a drug’s health benefits outweigh its known risks, the drug is approved for sale. The center doesn’t actually test drugs itself, although it does conduct limited research in the areas of drug quality, safety, and effectiveness standards. Before a drug can be tested in people, the drug company or sponsor performs laboratory and animal tests to discover how the drug works and whether it’s likely to be safe and work well in humans. Next, a series of tests in people is begun to determine whether the drug is safe when used to treat a disease and whether it provides a real health benefit.

There are multiple different tracks and timelines for drug approval in the U.S. Unbelievably, per Wikipedia, “in an analysis of the drug development costs for 98 companies over a decade, the average cost per drug developed and approved by a single-drug company was $350 million. But for companies that approved between eight and 13 drugs over 10 years, the cost per drug went as high as $5.5 billion.” It is absurdly expensive and incredibly time-intensive to get a drug to market in the U.S., barring emergency circumstances (essentially). I believe that there will be strong interest in cannabis drug development from existing pharmaceutical companies even with the length of time and costs involved. And the truth is, right now, they’re probably the only ones that can truly afford to develop any kind of cannabis drug after it’s rescheduled.

Adult use and schedule III

I’ve seen a few opinions on this topic. Most say that the current state-legal programs won’t be impacted by a reschedule. And in the short term, this is probably true–there still won’t be lawful interstate commerce, state laws and rules for adult use cannabis licensing will still apply, and cannabis companies (including the medical ones) will still be violating federal law minus the application of I.R.C. 280E where cannabis will no longer be a Schedule I or II controlled substance.

However, I don’t think this “holiday” will last very long. I say that because I think most states will have to make the determination that cannabis is a Schedule III in line with federal law pursuant to their own mini-CSAs. Further, because you cannot acquire Schedule IIIs over the counter, I don’t see pharmaceutical companies largely tolerating these state-by-state experiments as they generally fight and lobby to keep existing drug prices high. And it’s no secret that “Big Pharma” has incredible influence with the FDA already. So, you do the political math there. I don’t think it would surprise anyone that our large pharmaceutical companies would like to develop and fully occupy the field of cannabis-based drugs to the exclusion of any other competition. And unless we get some federal law carve out or enforcement memo supporting and protecting an entirely separate adult use industry outside of this new scheduling, I’m not sure how adult use cannabis escapes Schedule III reprecussions.

What happens now?

Well, we wait. It’s not a done deal that DEA will in fact re-schedule to a III. And, even if the DEA make rules to do so, that will take an incredible amount of time to accomplish. There will be a lot of public comment, and maybe even lawsuits, which will keep state-legal cannabis in tact “as is” for that much longer. I sincerely hope I’m wrong about the impact of a Schedule III decision, but I do not see how state-legal markets can square in the long run with existing healthcare laws and rules, as well as the pharmaceutical industry and lobby in the race for new (and lucrative) drugs. It would take some federal exception to those existing laws to keep adult use free and clear. And for those who believe or hope that this initial reschedule could lead to descheduling altogether, I think that is a pipedream once cannabis hits Schedule III.



Source link

Cannabis News

America’s Constitutional Conundrum: Guns and Ganja

Published

on

By


gun rights and medical marijuana

Of Guns and Ganja: America’s Constitutional Conundrum

 

If there’s one thing America is famous for, it’s guns – and lots of ’em! In the land of the free and home of the brave, firearms aren’t just a right, they’re practically a national pastime. With over 400 million firearms floating around a nation of 330 million people, it’s safe to say that guns are as American as apple pie and baseball.

But you know what else Americans love? Drugs. The US remains the world’s largest drug market, with an particularly passionate affair with cannabis. Mary Jane has come a long way since the “Just Say No” propaganda of the D.A.R.E. days. Now, millions of Americans legally light up in their home states, transforming from “criminals” to “consumers” faster than you can say “tax revenue.”

Here’s where things get sticky though. Despite the Biden administration’s vague promises of reform, cannabis remains stubbornly classified as a Schedule I substance at the federal level. This creates a peculiar predicament for freedom-loving Americans who appreciate both their Second Amendment rights and their evening toke.

You see, there’s this obscure interpretation of federal law that says if you consume cannabis – even legally in your state – you’re technically not allowed to own firearms. Let that sink in for a moment: in a country with more guns than people, where cannabis is legally sold in most states, you’re forced to choose between your constitutional right to bear arms and your state-sanctioned right to consume a plant.

As you might imagine, telling Americans they can’t have their guns AND their ganja isn’t exactly going over well. It’s a uniquely American saga that pits state rights against federal law, personal freedom against bureaucratic overreach, and common sense against, well… whatever you’d call this situation.

Let’s dive into this bizarre legal battleground where constitutional rights and cannabis collide.

As America’s cannabis landscape evolves, we’re witnessing a fascinating legal tug-of-war between state sovereignty and federal authority. The latest battleground? The constitutional rights of cannabis consumers to bear arms.

In a groundbreaking decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit recently reaffirmed that banning occasional marijuana users from owning firearms is unconstitutional. The case, known as U.S. v. Daniels, centers around a man who was sentenced to four years in prison after police found trace amounts of cannabis and firearms during a routine traffic stop. Talk about wrong place, wrong time!

The federal government, particularly under the Biden administration, has been performing some impressive mental gymnastics to justify their position. Their argument? Cannabis users with guns “endanger public safety,” “pose a greater risk of suicide,” and are more likely to commit crimes “to fund their drug habit.” They’ve even argued that cannabis consumers are “unlikely to store their weapons properly.” I guess they never met my ex-military uncle who meticulously organizes his gun safe while enjoying his evening edible.

But here’s where it gets really interesting. The Department of Justice claims the restriction is perfectly constitutional because it aligns with the nation’s history of disarming “dangerous” individuals. They’re essentially putting cannabis users in the same category as folks with domestic violence restraining orders. As someone who’s spent considerable time around both cannabis users and domestic abusers (professionally, of course), I can tell you there’s a slight difference in temperament.

The courts, however, aren’t buying it. As the Fifth Circuit pointed out, the government failed to prove that Daniels was “presently or even regularly intoxicated at the time of arrest.” They noted that even if the government had proven frequent intoxication, they offered “no Founding-era law or practice of disarming ordinary citizens ‘even if their intoxication was routine.'”

The ruling doesn’t completely invalidate the federal statute (known as § 922(g)(3)), but it does expose its shaky constitutional foundation. As the court stated, “This is not a windfall for defendants charged under § 922(g)(3),” but rather a recognition that the government’s enforcement approach is fundamentally flawed.

Meanwhile, the National Rifle Association (NRA) – not exactly known for their progressive stance on substances – acknowledges the absurdity of the situation. They point out that “marijuana use is no longer limited to the domain of indigenous religious customs or youth-oriented counterculture and now includes a wide variety of people who use it for medicinal or recreational reasons.” When even the NRA is suggesting your gun control measure might be a bit extreme, you know something’s amiss.

The result of all this legal wrangling? A patchwork of confusion where state-legal cannabis users must choose between their Second Amendment rights and their medicine or recreational preference. It’s a prime example of how federal prohibition creates more problems than it solves, forcing otherwise law-abiding citizens to become unwitting criminals simply for exercising multiple legal rights simultaneously.

Welcome to America, folks, where you can have your guns or your ganja, but apparently not both – at least until the courts finish sorting out this constitutional cannabis conundrum.

Let me be blunt – we’re caught in a classic American political pretzel. The Biden administration dangles the carrot of rescheduling cannabis to Schedule III, making vague promises that sound good on the campaign trail but do little to address the fundamental issues plaguing cannabis consumers, including their right to bear arms.

While some celebrate these baby steps toward reform, I’ve been around this block enough times to know that rescheduling is like putting a Band-Aid on a bullet wound. It might stop some bleeding, but it doesn’t address the underlying trauma. The gun rights issue is just one of many complications that arise from cannabis’s continued inclusion in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

Here’s the uncomfortable truth: there’s only one real solution, and it runs straight through the halls of Congress. The same body that created this mess with the CSA in 1971 is the only one with the power to truly fix it. Congress needs to completely remove cannabis from the CSA – not reschedule it, not modify its status, but fully deschedule it.

Think about it. Rescheduling to Schedule III would still leave cannabis in a weird legal limbo. Sure, it might make research easier and give Big Pharma more room to play, but what about the millions of Americans who use cannabis medicinally or recreationally in their state-legal markets? They’d still be federal criminals, still banned from purchasing firearms, still caught in the crossfire between state and federal law.

The only path forward is complete removal from the CSA, coupled with a federal framework that respects state markets while establishing basic national standards. This would resolve the gun rights issue overnight – no more choosing between your Second Amendment rights and your medicine or recreational preference.

Would I love to see Congress completely overhaul the CSA? Absolutely. The entire scheduling system is based on outdated science and political theater rather than actual harm reduction principles. But let’s be realistic – that’s about as likely as finding bipartisan agreement on… well, anything these days.

Instead, we need to focus on what’s achievable: complete cannabis descheduling. This isn’t just about guns and ganja – it’s about fixing a broken system that’s created countless legal paradoxes and unnecessary criminal penalties. It’s about acknowledging that the emperor has no clothes, that cannabis prohibition has failed, and that it’s time to move forward with a sensible federal policy.

Until Congress acts, we’ll continue to see these legal battles play out in courts across the country, watching judges try to reconcile constitutional rights with outdated federal drug laws. It’s a waste of judicial resources, taxpayer money, and most importantly, it’s a waste of Americans’ time and freedom.

The solution is clear. The only question is: how many more Americans need to get caught in this legal crossfire before Congress finally does its job?

 

Inspiration:

https://www.marijuanamoment.net/federal-court-reaffirms-that-ban-

on-gun-ownership-for-people-who-occasionally-use-marijuana-is-unconstitutional/

https://www.marijuanamoment.net/nra-says-federal-ban-on-

marijuana-amid-state-level-legalization-has-created-confusing-legal-landscape-for-gun-owners/

 

CANNABIS AND GUN RIGHTS, READ ON…

CANNABIS USERS GUNS RIGHT

WHY CAN’T MMJ PATIENTS OWN GUNS, AGAIN? READ THIS!



Source link

Continue Reading

Cannabis News

MLK Day 2025: Cannabis and Civil Rights

Published

on

By


It’s MLK Day once again.

I’ve been writing an MLK Day post on this blog for eight consecutive years. The theme of my posts is that cannabis is a civil rights issue, and that Dr. King would have advocated for ending prohibition based on that fact.

Each year, I have demonstrated with facts (upon facts upon facts) that the War on Drugs continues in insidious ways. In, 2023, which is the most recent year that FBI data is available, law enforcement officials made over 200,000 arrests for marijuana-related convictions. Those 200,000 arrests constitute roughly 25% of all drug-related arrests.

Sadly, arrests of black people constituted 29% of all drug arrests in 2023, although only 13.6% of Americans are black.

Heading into MLK Day weekend, President Biden announced that he is commuting the sentences of nearly 2,500 people convicted of non-violent drug offenses. The focus was predominantly on individuals “who received lengthy sentences based on discredited distinctions between crack and powder cocaine…”, as opposed to cannabis-related crimes. According to the Last Prisoner Project, “the total number of those incarcerated for cannabis who received commutations is not knows, but nine LPP constituents will be free.”

For all that Biden promised as to cannabis, it’s the least we could have asked. Under the new Trump administration, attention will quickly return to the frustrating marijuana rescheduling process. If cannabis ends up on Schedule III, criminal penalties for traffickers may soften, but make no mistake: possessing and distributing cannabis will still be a federal crime.

At the state level, where most arrest occur, progress has slowed in the last few years. Out here where I live in Oregon, with our 800 cannabis stores, it’s astonishing to think of 200,000 annual cannabis arrests– most for simple possession, no less.

There is a lot of work to do. Here are a short list of organizations if you’d like to get involved:

For prior posts in this series:



Source link

Continue Reading

Cannabis News

No Smoking, No Vaping – What’s the Safest Way to Consume Cannabis Based on Your Genetics and Science?

Published

on

By


safest way to consume cannabis

The Safest Way To Consume Cannabis For Health, According To Science and Genetics

 

Marijuana legalization continues to help thousands of people.

Most especially those who need marijuana to treat conditions in a safer, more natural, and more cost-effective manner compared to pricey, addictive, and dangerous pharmaceutical medications. That said, not all weed is made the same: depending on where you get your weed, some of it may be grown using pesticides, which can be bad for your health especially when smoked. So yes, it does matter what kind of weed you’re smoking and where you got it from.

In addition, not all methods of consumption are also the same. Many consumers, particularly extremely health-conscious individuals, prefer not to smoke weed. Smoking weed that’s been grown with pesticides can also be dangerous for one’s health. It’s especially not recommended if you are immunocompromised,

 

That’s why a growing number of consumers prefer to explore the variety of other consumption methods available these days, such as edibles, tinctures, beverages, and cannabis oil to name a few.

Now, the results of a new study have just been published, suggesting that cannabis oil extracts may be the safest way to consume weed. Researchers studied MCT oils that contained high concentrations of CBD with some THC.

 

“Several studies have found damage to various chromosomal associated with cannabinoid use,” said the researchers. “Considering numerous studies demonstrating the genotoxicity of cannabis, it is noteworthy that many of these investigations have focused on individuals who consume cannabis through smoking or in cigarette form, normally rich in THC,” they said.

 

The researchers specifically found that extracts of cannabis sativa don’t exhibit genotoxic or mutagenic potential in doses that are commonly used by patients to manage anxiety, pain, epilepsy, and other conditions. “Although the current literature on cannabis sativa extract remains inconsistent, most evidence suggests that these extracts are safe for cells and DNA under both acute and chronic experimental conditions, even at high doses, in studies involving both male and female animals,” wrote the researchers.

 

Some consumers were alarmed recently when studies, albeit weak in nature, were published, which suggested that cannabis smoke had the potential to be genotoxic. That said, it still isn’t recommended for individuals who may be immunocompromised but there is no strong evidence that cannabis can indeed cause genetic mutations.

 

Since oral consumption of cannabis oil bypasses the respiratory system and allows patients a more accurate way to dose, it’s become the preferred method of consumption for many medical cannabis patients. Whether you’re young or old, the safety profile of cannabis oil has been proven; this is especially true if you wish to avoid respiratory harm.

 

The Role Of Quality Cannabis In Health

 

As cannabis consumers, there are many ways you can ensure that you’re medicating with clean, safe cannabis that’s free from dangerous contaminants. Pesticides aren’t the only contaminants to be aware of; street cannabis sold by dealers can be laced with toxic additives and even fatal ingredients, such as in the notorious case of the tainted THC vapes containing Vitamin E acetate. Other undesirable ingredients to take note of include residual solvents and heavy metals.

 

It’s also your role as a consumer to do research about the quality of cannabis you buy. Of course, it makes sense to only buy from licensed cannabis dispensaries since they can easily supply laboratory-tested cannabis products. From edibles to oils, flowers and more, licensed dispensaries can provide products that have a Certificate of Analysis or COA, which can either be printed on the packaging itself, accessed online, or via a QR code. A cannabis product with a COA can give you peace of mind that the product meets stringent testing and quality standards.

 

In addition, you can also seek out certified organic cannabis products. Of course, the fact that cannabis still isn’t federally legal means that there is nothing similar to a USDA Organic certification for weed, though some manufacturers make it easier for consumers these days to know if they are buying organic or not. For example, if you live in California, you can look for Clean Green Certified or OCal (weed that has been grown in standard that are comparable to organic).

 

 

Conclusion


If you are older or have pre-existing medical conditions, the best way to medicate with marijuana is by taking cannabis oil orally. It’s also extremely versatile, since it can be used to treat an array of conditions ranging from nausea to chronic pain, headaches, muscle pain, and so much more. While it may have reduced bioavailability compared to smoking, cannabis oil extracts do provide fairly quick relief for several conditions.

 

Smoking weed in any form, whether by flower, vape oil, or concentrates, should be avoided or limited altogether. There are also other potential consumption methods that are safer and more suitable for the immunocompromised, such as sprays, edibles, and topicals.

 

It also helps to carefully consider the type of cannabinoids you are consuming. For patients that need to medicate during the daytime, CBD or high-CBD products are always preferred. One must be careful with THC especially if you are older, operate machinery, or have no previous experience with psychoactive drugs. Always start with the lowest dose possible, and work your way to a higher dose slowly.

 

SAFEST WAY TO USE WEED, READ ON…

SAFEST WAY TO USE WEED

AMERICANS DON’T KNOW THE SAFEST WAYS TO USE WEED!



Source link

Continue Reading
Advertisement

Trending

Copyright © 2021 The Art of MaryJane Media