Cannabis News
Over 21 Only for Delta-8 and Delta-9 Hemp-Derived Products?
Attorneys General from 20 states along with Washington, D.C., have collaboratively urged congressional leaders to address the issue surrounding intoxicating hemp products legalized under the 2018 Farm Bill. They advocate for a precise amendment to the hemp definition, emphasizing the necessity to grant states the authority to regulate both the plant and its derivatives.
In a letter dispatched on last Wednesday, they implored federal lawmakers to resolve the ambiguity stemming from the 2018 Farm Bill. This ambiguity has resulted in the widespread availability of intoxicating hemp products nationwide, presenting significant challenges for states and localities in managing consequent health and safety concerns. The attorneys general emphasized the urgent need for Congress to tackle this issue, underscoring the risks associated with the current policy.
Led by Indiana Attorney General Todd Rokita (R) and Arkansas Attorney General Tim Griffen (R), the letter was addressed to key legislators on the House and Senate agriculture committees. It garnered bipartisan support, with attorneys general from California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia, Washington State, and Washington, D.C., endorsing it.
Addressing Ambiguity and Exploitation: The Urgency for Legislative Clarification
Upon its enactment, the 2018 Farm Bill was believed to be clear in its objectives: to reintroduce industrial hemp as an agricultural commodity while upholding existing federal bans on cannabis products and their usage, states the letter.
However, the letter contends that “nefarious actors have taken advantage” of this reform, leading to a situation where “our states have been inundated with products that essentially amount to a potent form of cannabis, often disguised as appealing candies targeted at youth and children—exhibiting alarming levels of potency, lacking regulation, oversight, and offering limited means for our authorities to control them.”
The coalition advocates for “critical enhancements to the legislation” to “eliminate any potential federal loophole for intoxicating hemp,” although the specifics of such revisions are not outlined in the letter.
In a newsletter discussing the new correspondence, the bipartisan nonprofit Attorney General Alliance pointed out that the current legislation excludes hemp derivatives and extracts—an aspect that could be reconsidered.
“The loophole in the 2018 Farm Bill’s hemp definition, which encompasses all derivatives, extracts, and cannabinoids of the cannabis plant, has given rise to a murky market for these products, rapidly growing into a $28 billion industry,” the group remarked. “Despite often matching or surpassing the potency of state-regulated cannabis products, they are manufactured without regulatory supervision, packaged as conventional non-cannabis food items, and retailed in unlicensed venues such as gas stations and convenience stores.”
State-Level Responses and Calls for Federal Action: Protecting Youth and Ensuring Regulation
In states where marijuana is legalized, products typically undergo testing for potency and contaminants, with laws often prohibiting advertising or products targeting youth. However, only a few states have implemented measures to independently regulate intoxicating hemp products, including Minnesota, Massachusetts, Florida, and South Dakota.
California Attorney General Rob Bonta (D), a signatory of the recent letter, emphasized in a press release on Wednesday the importance of safeguarding children. He criticized the unintended consequences of the 2018 Farm Bill, which created a loophole leading to the proliferation of products, often containing synthesized cannabinoids, more potent than legally regulated cannabis. Bonta highlighted California’s prohibition of intoxicating cannabinoids in hemp products, whether natural or synthetic, particularly those designed to appeal to young people.
Although hemp itself contains less than 0.3 per cent THC according to the federal definition, other cannabinoids in hemp can be chemically altered into psychoactive compounds, including THC.
Congressional researchers cautioned in November that conflicting policy priorities among industry stakeholders could complicate updating the federal farm bill.
“These interest groups often have differing priorities, which may complicate U.S. hemp policymaking,” the Congressional Research Service (CRS) report stated. “Moreover, the interests of these groups often span the use of hemp as an industrial input, as a food ingredient, and as a dietary supplement ingredient.”
The CRS report also mentioned several recent hemp bills that federal lawmakers may integrate into broader agricultural legislation.
One bipartisan bill filed last March aims to eliminate what critics call a “discriminatory” federal policy barring individuals with prior felony drug convictions from owning or operating legal hemp businesses. Another bipartisan proposal seeks to reduce regulations on farmers cultivating industrial hemp for non-extraction purposes.
Beyond Intoxicating Hemp: Navigating Regulatory Pathways for CBD and Dietary Supplements
Of paramount concern for various hemp stakeholders and lawmakers is the quest to establish a regulatory framework enabling the legal marketing of hemp products such as CBD oil as dietary supplements and in the food industry. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) holds regulatory authority over this matter. However, at the outset of last year, the agency stated it lacked a clear pathway to facilitate this and proposed collaborating with Congress to find a resolution.
As a result, in July, Senators Ron Wyden (D-OR), Rand Paul (R-KY), and Jeff Merkley (D-OR), along with Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-OR), submitted legislation with the goal of removing the regulatory obstacles that the FDA has identified as impeding the marketing of CBD.
Politico first revealed the recent letter, which was sent to Ranking Member Representative David Scott, Chair of the House Agriculture Committee Representative Glenn Thompson, and Ranking Member Senator Debbie Stabenow, Chair of the Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, Ranking Member John Boozman.
Bottom Line
The collective appeal by Attorneys General from numerous states and Washington, D.C., highlights the urgent necessity for federal intervention in regulating intoxicating hemp products. Their advocacy for legislative precision and heightened oversight mirrors mounting apprehensions surrounding public health and safety amidst the widespread availability of these items. As discussions persist across state and federal spheres, addressing these concerns remains imperative to establish effective governance, safeguard consumers, and mitigate potential risks associated with unregulated intoxicating hemp products. Collaborative efforts between state and federal authorities are crucial in navigating this complex landscape, ensuring comprehensive regulation, and upholding the integrity of hemp-derived products within legal frameworks.
WHAT IS DELTA-8 THC AND IS IT LEGAL?
WHAT IS DELTA-8 THC AND IS IT LEGAL OR NOT? READ MORE!
“How Long Does One Puff of Weed Stay in Your System?”… This topic can be difficult to answer since it is dependent on elements such as the size of the hit and what constitutes a “one hit.” If you take a large bong pull then cough, it might linger in your system for 5-7 days. A moderate dose from a joint can last 3-5 days, whereas a few hits from a vaporizer may last 1-3 days.
The length of time that marijuana stays in the body varies based on a number of factors, including metabolism, THC levels, frequency of use, and hydration.
Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, is the primary psychoactive component of cannabis. THC and its metabolites, which remain in your body long after the effects have subsided, are detected by drug tests.
Since these metabolites are fat-soluble, they cling to bodily fat molecules. They could thus take a while to fully pass through your system, particularly if your body fat percentage is higher.
THC is absorbed by tissues and organs (including the brain, heart, and fat) and converted by the liver into chemicals such as 11-hydroxy-THC and carboxy-THC. Cannabis is eliminated in feces at a rate of around 65%, while urine accounts for 20%. The leftover amount might be kept within the body.
THC deposited in bodily tissues ultimately re-enters the circulation and is processed by the liver. For frequent users, THC accumulates in fatty tissues quicker than it can be removed, thus it may be detectable in drug tests for days or weeks following consumption.
The detection time varies according to the amount and frequency of cannabis usage. Higher dosages and regular usage result in longer detection times.
The type of drug test also affects detection windows. Blood and saliva tests typically detect cannabis metabolites for shorter periods, while urine and hair samples can reveal use for weeks or even months. In some cases, hair tests have detected cannabis use over 90 days after consumption.
Detection Windows for Various Cannabis Drug Tests
Urine Tests
Among all drug tests, urine testing is the most commonly used method for screening for drug use in an individual.
Detection times vary, but a 2017 review suggests the following windows for cannabis in urine after last use:
– Single-use (e.g., one joint): up to 3 days
– Moderate use (around 4 times a week): 5–7 days
– Chronic use (daily): 10–15 days
– Chronic heavy use (multiple times daily): over 30 days
Blood Tests
Blood tests generally detect recent cannabis use, typically within 2–12 hours after consumption. However, in cases of heavy use, cannabis has been detected up to 30 days later. Chronic heavy use can extend the detection period in the bloodstream.
Saliva Tests
THC can enter saliva through secondhand cannabis smoke, but THC metabolites are only present if you’ve personally smoked or ingested cannabis.
Saliva testing has a short detection window and can sometimes identify cannabis use on the same day. A 2020 review found that THC was detectable in the saliva of frequent users for up to 72 hours after use, and it may remain in saliva longer than in blood following recent use.
In areas where cannabis is illegal, saliva testing is often used for roadside screenings.
Hair Tests
Hair follicle tests can detect cannabis use for up to 90 days. After use, cannabinoids reach the hair follicles through small blood vessels and from sebum and sweat surrounding the hair.
Hair grows at approximately 0.5 inches per month, so a 1.5-inch segment of hair close to the scalp can reveal cannabis use over the past three months.
Factors Affecting THC and Metabolite Retention
The length of time THC and its metabolites stay in your system depends on various factors. Some, like body mass index (BMI) and metabolic rate, relate to individual body processing, not the drug itself.
Other factors are specific to cannabis use, including:
– Dosage: How much you consume
– Frequency: How often you use cannabis
– Method of consumption: Smoking, dabbing, edibles, or sublingual
– THC potency: Higher potency can extend detection time
Higher doses and more frequent use generally extend THC retention. Cannabis consumed orally may remain in the system slightly longer than smoked cannabis, and stronger cannabis strains, higher in THC, may also stay detectable for a longer period.
How Quickly Do the Effects of Cannabis Set In?
When smoking cannabis, effects appear almost immediately, while ingested cannabis may take 1–3 hours to peak.
The psychoactive component THC produces a “high” with common effects such as:
– Altered senses, including perception of time
– Mood changes
– Difficulty with thinking and problem-solving
– Impaired memory
Other short-term effects can include:
– Anxiety and confusion
– Decreased coordination
– Dry mouth and eyes
– Nausea or lightheadedness
– Trouble focusing
– Increased appetite
– Rapid heart rate
– Restlessness and sleepiness
In rare cases, high doses may lead to hallucinations, delusions, or acute psychosis.
Regular cannabis use may have additional mental and physical effects. While research is ongoing, cannabis use may increase the risk of:
– Cognitive issues like memory loss
– Cardiovascular problems including heart disease and stroke
– Respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis or lung infections
– Mood disorders like depression and anxiety
Cannabis use during pregnancy can negatively impact fetal growth and development.
Duration of Effects
Short-term effects generally taper off within 1–3 hours, but for chronic users, some long-term effects may last days, weeks, or even months. Certain effects may even be permanent.
Bottom Line
The amount of time that cannabis remains in your system following a single use varies greatly depending on individual characteristics such as body fat, metabolism, frequency of use, and mode of intake. Frequent users may maintain traces of THC for weeks, whereas infrequent users may test positive for as little as a few days. Hair tests can disclose usage for up to 90 days, while blood and saliva tests identify more recent use. Urine tests are the most popular and have varying detection durations. The duration that THC and its metabolites are detectable will ultimately depend on a number of factors, including dose, strength, and individual body chemistry.
PEE IN A CUP COMING UP, READ ON..
Is kratom addictive? Discover the potential for dependence on Kratom, the risks involved with its use, and how to approach its consumption responsibly.
From 2011 to 2017, over 1,800 calls to poison centers involved kratom in the U.S. This significant number highlights the concern regarding kratom addiction.
However, without Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight, and due to various consumption methods like teas and capsules, there are significant health risks. Safe use of kratom is now in question due to these issues.
Research debates how dependence develops, outlining signs like loss of control and withdrawal symptoms. These signs are seen in regular kratom users. Ironically, some people switch from drugs like heroin to kratom, looking for a legal alternative.
Understanding Kratom: Origins and Prevalence
Kratom comes from the Mitragyna speciosa tree in Southeast Asia. It can act like a stimulant or like opioids, based on how much you take. People use it in different ways, for a small energy boost or stronger effects at higher doses.
The legal status of kratom in the U.S. is complicated and changing. It’s a hot topic because some worry about its misuse. It’s still legal in several states. This shows how different places handle drug rules. The National Institute on Drug Abuse is looking into its medical benefits. But, the FDA hasn’t approved it for medical use yet. The DEA calls it a “drug of concern,” which means policies might change.
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From 2011 to 2017, poison control centers in the U.S. got over 1,800 reports about kratom. This shows it’s widely used and might pose health risks.
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Kratom’s main ingredients bind to opioid receptors very strongly, stronger than morphine even. This fact is key to understanding its effects.
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As more people use kratom, more are reporting serious health problems. These include liver and heart issues, and tough withdrawal symptoms, particularly in those already sick.
The statistics show mounting worries about kratom in the U.S. As its use grows, it’s becoming more important to health policies and laws. What happens next will depend on further research and legal decisions.
Is Kratom Addictive: Investigating the Substance’s Nature
The question of kratom’s addictiveness focuses on how it affects brain receptors and its long-term health implications. The ongoing debate highlights concerns about dependence and the risk of addiction. Scientists are closely looking at these issues.
How Kratom Works in the Brain
Kratom’s main alkaloids, mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, bind to the brain’s opioid receptors, similar to painkillers and narcotics. This connection suggests a potential risk of dependence. These alkaloids are key to kratom’s pain relief but also point to possible addiction concerns, especially with frequent, high-dose usage.
Patterns and Consequences of Long-term Use
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Using kratom often, especially in large doses, can increase the risk of dependence and intense withdrawal symptoms, similar to opioid withdrawal.
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Although some use it for pain or to improve mood, long-term kratom users might see serious health problems, like liver damage and mental health issues.
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Withdrawal symptoms, including irritability, nausea, and sleep problems, show kratom’s impact on one’s physical and mental health.
Assessment of Addiction Risks
Studies indicate a significant risk of addiction to kratom, especially with high doses or frequent use. Dependence develops as the body gets used to kratom, leading to tolerance and a need for more to feel its effects. Withdrawal symptoms emphasize this risk, as highlighted by health experts.
Physiological Effects: Kratom’s Impact on the Body
There is a lot of debate about the safety and use of kratom. This herbal extract comes from the Mitragyna speciosa plant. It has drawn attention for its possible harmful effects on the body. The FDA has issued many warnings about kratom, raising safety concerns.
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Kratom Adverse Effects: Kratom users have reported side effects like nausea, vomiting, and confusion. More serious issues include high blood pressure and liver damage. These problems highlight the risks of using kratom.
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Herbal Extract Safety: Some kratom products contain heavy metals and pathogens. These can cause severe health issues, including death. This shows the importance of safety in herbal products.
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FDA Warnings and Regulations: The FDA has linked kratom to over 35 deaths and warns against using it. They point out the lack of medical uses and the risk of addiction.
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Physiological Impact: Kratom’s effects depend on the dose and the user’s body. Yet, it can lead to dangerous outcomes like liver damage and seizures.
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Safety Concerns from Authorities: Federal agencies like the DEA are worried about kratom’s safety. Although not a controlled substance, monitoring suggests users should be careful.
Kratom might offer temporary relief for some ailments, but it comes with significant risks. The FDA’s warnings should make people think twice. If considering kratom, it’s crucial to talk to a doctor first. Experts stress the need for safety and caution with herbal extracts.
Conclusion
Kratom’s role in health and regulation is complex, with views and research findings widely varied. Some people use kratom for its claimed health benefits, but it’s a hot topic. Experts advise caution and suggest consulting a doctor before using kratom due to the unclear effects.
Clinical studies using scores like SOWS and COWS haven’t confirmed withdrawal symptoms from kratom. This adds to the debate, especially when some users report withdrawal. This makes kratom a controversial subject among different findings and user experiences.
When it comes to treating opioid addiction, kratom can be both helpful and harmful. Some have used it successfully to fight addiction. Yet, some states have banned it. This highlights the need for regulations and consistent product quality. It also raises questions about kratom’s legal status due to mixed actions by authorities.
The situation shows how complex kratom is in the realm of substance use and law. Without clear evidence supporting either its benefits or risks, it poses a challenge. More research is needed to guide regulations and health advice. For now, anyone thinking of using kratom should be careful, seek medical advice, and keep up with laws and health guidelines.
WHAT IS KRATOM ANYWAY? READ ON…
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