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Report reveals California cannabis cultivation and regulatory process puts Tribal cultural resources at risk

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A comprehensive new report by researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Northeastern University reveals that California’s cannabis cultivation threatens Tribal cultural resources. As in other fields of development, however, protecting these resources faces systemic challenges.

Based on the findings of a two-year survey of tribal and agency representatives across the state, the survey found that the state’s current consultation policies, while stronger than in many other states, are inadequate and inconsistently applied, leading to significant risks of irreparable damage to tribal cultural heritage.

“Our research shows a significant disconnect between state policy and the experiences of California’s indigenous tribes. The current cannabis permitting system, while well-intentioned, does not adequately protect ancestral lands and cultural resources,” said Jennifer Sowerwine, the project’s principal investigator and a UC Cooperative Extension specialist in UC Berkeley’s Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management. “It’s not just about historic preservation; it’s about respecting tribal sovereignty and perpetuating old damage by this new industry. These findings provide a clear roadmap for the state to move beyond performative consultation to a process that is truly meaningful and just.”

Jeremy Sorgen, principal investigator of the project and research faculty at Northeastern University’s Oakland campus, said, “One of the first things we’ve heard from Tribal Historic Preservation Officers and county officials involved in cultural resource protection efforts is that cannabis cultivation occurs on lands that are highly likely to be sensitive to Tribes.”

A good place to grow cannabis can be a Tribal cultural resource
“If it’s relatively flat, near a water source and facing south, it can be not only a good place to grow cannabis, but also a ceremony or a village site or some other place of cultural significance to the tribes,” said Sorgen, who is also a researcher at the UC Berkeley Cannabis Research Center. “What this means is that cannabis producers, historically and today, are actively selecting Tribal cultural resources.”

In 2014, California Assembly Bill 52 amended the California Environmental Quality Act, or CEQA, to include statutory requirements for the protection of tribal cultural resources. This law was enacted shortly before Proposition 64 legalized the use of cannabis in 2016. The study “Examining Tribal Sovereignty over Cannabis Permitting on Native Ancestral Lands” investigated the intersection of these two laws and found that AB 52, while strengthening Tribal consultation at the local level, retains the same problems as previous state and federal cultural resources laws.

The study was designed, conducted and analyzed in collaboration with the seven-member Tribal Advisory Committee, and included comprehensive surveys of 46 Tribal representatives and 56 agency officials, along with 61 in-depth interviews conducted across the state.

The report offers several recommendations for the Department of Cannabis Control and other state agencies to address these systemic problems. Key recommendations include: Working directly with tribal governments to develop fairer consultation processes and accurate maps of ancestral lands. Other recommendations include starting consultations as soon as a permit application is received, providing specific funding and training to Tribes and agency staff involved in consultations, and promoting stronger data sharing agreements between state, local, and Tribal governments.

The new tools support Tribal sovereignty in the consultation
Based on the research findings, the research team and Tribal consultants have developed two sets of tools to support tribal controls in the consultation process.

“California has some of the strongest cultural resource protection laws in the US, but meaningful consultation is undermined by structural problems in the consultation process,” said Shasta Gaughen, environmental director and historic preservation officer for the Pala Band of Mission Indians and a member of the Tribal Advisory Board. “We brought together Tribal historic preservation officials from across the state to develop a toolkit that reflects Tribal consultation experiences, is concise and easy to use, and empowers Tribes, not agencies, to set consultation requirements.”

The By Tribes, For Tribes Consultation Policy Toolkit provides a customizable Consultation Policy template and additional materials for Tribes looking to create their own consultation policies or ordinances. The “by Tribes, for Tribes” approach allows Tribes to proactively guide government agencies in consultative processes based on Tribal preferences, rather than reacting to agency interpretations as required by law.

The UC Berkeley Cannabis Site Mapping Tool provides Tribes with a means to assess the extent of cannabis cultivation on their ancestral or aboriginal land. It can be used to determine possible threats to tribal cultural resources and sensitive sites.

Source: Mavens Notebook

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Redefining the standards of UK cannabis

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Dalgety Ltd has entered into a partnership with Curaleaf Laboratories to supply pharmaceutical grade cannabis medicines to the UK cannabis market. The arrangement combines Dalgety’s cultivation operations, which are certified to EU-GMP standards, with Curaleaf Laboratories’ pharmaceutical manufacturing and distribution capabilities. According to the companies, this creates a UK-based supply route that does not rely on imported cannabis flowers, as Dalgety cultivates its product in-house. Dalgety claims it was the first company in the UK to grow, manufacture and supply EU-GMP medical cannabis from a single site.

© Curaleaf Laboratories

The growing facility, which is more than 30,000 square feet, is located indoors and uses hydroponic growing methods along with automated lighting, irrigation, humidity and temperature control systems. The company reports that it uses AI-assisted environmental monitoring, which extends the traceability of batches to the final product and compares them to operating standards for air filtration systems. Post-harvest processing is said to follow EU-GMP protocols, including microbial and cannabinoid testing.

The stated goal of this approach is to reduce between-harvest variation in terms of THC and CBD content, terpene profiles, and microbial safety. Dalgety says his cultivation is overseen by staff with experience in horticulture and biochemistry, some of whom have worked on cannabis cultivation projects internationally.

Through a partnership with Curaleaf Laboratories, Dalgety’s UK-grown cannabis is processed and distributed through a UK-based supply chain, rather than imported from overseas. Companies suggest that this arrangement can shorten the time it takes to get products to market compared to importing, and reduce the likelihood of supply disruptions. Because Dalgety and Curaleaf Laboratories are involved in cultivation, manufacturing and distribution, the companies say this oversees the product at every stage, making it clearer for prescribers to see where and how the product was made.

© Curaleaf Laboratories

Dalgety operates to EU-GMP standards and has been subject to regulatory review by the MHRA and the Home Office. Its operations include environmental monitoring, microbial testing, stability testing, controlled drying and curing procedures and quality assurance processes, along with controlled and secure facilities.

The company describes its work as controlled environment farming, hydroponic systems, environmental control technology, and efforts to stabilize cannabis genetics and phenotypes for batch-to-batch consistency.

© Curaleaf Laboratories

Dalgety has also opened its cultivation facilities for visits to healthcare professionals, clinicians, pharmacists, researchers and other industry stakeholders. The company says this is in response to the fact that much of the cannabis historically supplied to UK patients has been grown overseas, which has limited opportunities for UK clinicians to see first-hand the cultivation and quality control processes. These tours aim to provide visitors with information on cultivation standards, EU-GMP compliance procedures, environmental control systems, testing processes and the regulatory framework governing cannabis manufacturing in the UK.

Dalgety and Curaleaf Laboratories describe their partnership as expanding access to UK-grown medical cannabis, improving supply chain reliability and helping to meet sector regulations, placing it in the wider context of growing demand for cannabis-based treatments from UK patients.

For more information:
Curaleaf Laboratories
Email: (email protected)
https://curaleaflaboratories.co.uk/

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Arkansas GOP Governor And Democratic Challenger Agree On Opposing Marijuana Legalization

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“Giving more access to drugs, especially recreational access, does nothing to help or benefit Arkansans.”

Antoinette Grajeda, Arkansas attorney

Contains medical marijuana It generated more than $1 billion since Arkansas voters legalized it in 2016

After the state opened its first dispensary in 2019, thousands of Arkansans joined the program and spent a record $291.1 million on medical marijuana in 2025, according to the state Department of Finance and Administration.

Tax revenue from those sales now supports free breakfast for public school students after lawmakers passed legislation last year.

Medical marijuana programs have expanded across the country, as has recreational marijuana. Two dozen states, including neighboring Missouri, allow recreational marijuana use, according to state legislatures.

Arkansas voters rejected an effort to legalize recreational marijuana in 2022despite the national teams spending millions in support of the measure.

Restrictions on marijuana have been relaxed at the federal level, and the US Department of Justice earlier this year downgraded the drug classification of medicinal cannabis.

Here’s what Arkansas’ gubernatorial candidates — Democratic State Sen. Fred Love, Republican Gov. Sarah Huckabee Sanders and Libertarian Colt Shelby — have to say about legalizing recreational marijuana.

Democratic State Sen. Fred Love

Love said he opposes legalization during a debate at the Arkansas Press Association’s annual conference in June.

Sitting in a crosswalk at her daughter’s school, Love said “marijuana is all over” as the children exited their vehicles. When you grow up in a community where recreational marijuana is present, you see that it doesn’t always have a positive effect, he said.

“I don’t think it’s something I support,” Love said. “I’ve seen the long-term impact.”

While he doesn’t personally support it, Love said he would support legalizing recreational marijuana if Arkansans voted on it.

Libertarian Colt Shelby

Shelby said he’s for whatever Arkansans want, so he would support legalizing recreational marijuana if voters approve.

Shelby said the state’s elected officials have forgotten what matters most is what Arkansans want, which is why she’s running for office.

Although Shelby says she doesn’t smoke weed herself, she says almost everyone knows it and she has the meds.

“It brings a lot of good things, so I won’t say that I’m against it, but let the people decide”, he said in the debate in June.

Republican Governor Sarah Huckabee Sanders

Sanders did not participate in the June debate, but said in an emailed statement that he does not support the legalization of recreational marijuana.

“Giving more access to drugs, especially recreational access, does nothing to help or benefit Arkansans,” Sanders said.

Sanders vetoed a law passed by the Legislature last year dispensaries have been allowed to deliver orders via a delivery vehicle or drive-through window.

The governor signed into law in 2023 the bill protecting the rights for medical marijuana patients and caregivers to obtain a license to carry a concealed handgun.

In 2025, Sanders backed that uses medical marijuana revenue to support free breakfast for all public school students.

This story was first published by the Arkansas Advocate.

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Will the top World Cup expert in the fruit, vegetable, and horticulture sector come from Canada, the U.S. or Belgium?

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FreshPublishers 2026 World Cup Group Stage






The World Cup is coming to an end, with the third-place play-off between France and England on Saturday, and the final between Spain and Argentina the following day. It won’t be long until the grand winner of FreshPublishers’ first World Cup pool is revealed.

© Fresh Publishers

As previously reported, Slim Kooli from Courchesne Laros is the favorite to win the €1,000 prize. He has secured a comfortable lead over Nol Batist of North American Interstate Greenhouse Company, while buyer Bjorn Van Ryckeghem of Deprez Construct is currently in third place.

1 Sim School Spain 1–0 2–1 737 9716
2 Nol Batist France 2–1 1–1 674 9433
3 Bjorn Van Ryckeghem France 2–2 3–1 674 9264
4 Christian Anton Smedshaug England 1–2 1–2 659 9134
5 Perry Springintveld Spain 1–1 2–1 647 9105
6 Willem Tijssen Spain 2–0 2–1 710 9098
7 Hans Borsboom Spain 2–1 2–1 528 9058
8 Bart Triemstra Spain 2–1 2–1 737 9052
9 Youness Bensaid Spain 2–1 1–1 722 8954
10 Vijay Dijkstra Portugal 2–0 2–1 382 8953

However, there have been some surprises during the tournament, and bonus points must be added, so we will keep the suspense a little longer. On Monday we will find out who is the main World Cup announcer in the international fruit, vegetable and horticulture sector…



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