Cannabis News
U.S. Import and Export of Marijuana, Hemp and Paraphernalia: Webinar Recap
Published
1 year agoon
By
admin
In case you missed our webinar this week, “U.S. Import and Export of Marijuana, Hemp and Paraphernalia”, the replay video is just above. And if you don’t have an hour to spare, below are highlights of what our cannabis and international trade lawyers had to say about the status and pitfalls of the international marijuana trade.
U.S. companies are moving into international cannabis trade
Despite the current financial struggles for many U.S.-based cannabis companies, the international cannabis trade is growing. In particular, there’s a renewed demand internationally for hemp and hemp-derived products. Hemp seeds are seeing more traction on the international trade stage; and following on a Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) letter last year, some companies have even begun to export seeds that will ultimately germinated into high-THC plants. Furthermore, otherwise illegal drug paraphernalia (under federal law) has been allowed to enter U.S. borders in certain cases.
The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp and its derivatives, removing hemp from the definition of “marijuana” pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act. As a result, hemp and hemp-derived products, such as CBD, are no longer illegal controlled substances (so long as they contain no more than 0.3% delta-9 THC) and, therefore, now legal to import and export (see here and here for United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) guidance on the topic). Don’t forget though that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) takes major issue with CBD in the food, beverage and supplements space, especially regarding health and bodily claims under the Food, Drug & Cosmetic Act.
How to import/export cannabis products to and from the U.S.
Know the international trade and cannabis laws and regulations at home and abroad, and don’t bother “port shopping”
In order to import/export cannabis and cannabis paraphernalia, you must know the applicable laws and regulations for the countries of origin and destination, including the specific requirements of customs and border agencies. Of course, in all countries, only specific types of cannabis products are going to be lawful: generally, hemp and hemp derivatives. Some countries dictate that hemp products cannot contain more than .1% THC (rather than the .3% we see here in the states). Others ban synthetic cannabinoids.
Be mindful that, for both import and export analysis, certain U.S. states restrict products that the federal government hasn’t banned, which could make even getting to a port challenging. Finally, As far as the U.S. goes, the concept of port-shopping for a friendlier point of entry (even in states that legalized medical or adult-use marijuana) won’t matter since customs/trade enforcement is centralized and state marijuana laws won’t be a priority anyway.
Pick a marijuana-friendly country for marijuana imports or exports
Medical marijuana import and export is exceedingly difficult in the U.S. and can only be done pursuant to DEA licenses. Companies able to pull import/export permits for medical marijuana in the U.S. are true unicorns, and much choose countries that are progressive when it comes to medical marijuana imports/exports. That list has considerably expanded over the years, and now includes at least Canada, the Netherlands, Germany, Uruguay, Colombia, Israel, Jamaica, South Africa, Lesotho or Australia.
The U.S. has enhanced standards of operation for importers of record
Additionally in the U.S., among the myriad federal trade laws and regulations you must know, in addition to the hemp laws, U.S. trade laws place a legal burden on the importer of record to exercise “reasonable care” to make sure that imported products are accurately declared to U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP).
CBP is the federal agency responsible for ensuring that imported goods are allowed to enter only if they are in compliance with all applicable U.S. laws and regulations. CBP coordinates with a wide range of partner government agencies (e.g., FDA, EPA, DOT, ATF, CPSC, etc.) that have expertise in the laws and regulations applicable to particular products. CBP coordinates with the DEA to implement and enforce the relevant provisions of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act which makes it a crime to bring controlled substances into the country without a proper license.
An indicator of an importer exercising reasonable care is when they seek assistance from a qualified expert who can assist this evaluation. We tell our clients that the gold standard for exercising reasonable care is when importers submit to CBP a formal ruling request for the product in question. Typically CBP ruling requests usually involve determining the appropriate tariff classification, valuation, or country of origin. CBP has issued plenty of rulings on whether products such as tobacco leaf wraps, water pipes, or grinders are drug paraphernalia. CBP has also issued tariff classification rulings on CBD oil and distillates and hemp biomass.
Hire knowledgeable people to help you get through the cannabis import and export process
A cannabis lawyer should not be dabbling in international trade law and vice versa. If you already have your knowledgeable cannabis lawyer, great. But you’re going to need an international trade expert, too.
Importing or exporting cannabis is a complex process to navigate. First, you must determine the permissibility of the import or export under existing controls. Such an endeavor generally requires working with an attorney experienced in international trade laws. When the product doesn’t appear on the Commerce Control List (CCL) — a set of standards determining whether an item can be shipped and where — a knowledgeable professional can help you move forward.
Articles on the CCL will have an Export Control Classification Number (ECCN) based on their characteristics, which determines whether exporting them requires a license. In the absence of an ECCN, items may be designated as EAR99, which means exporting them does not call for specific licensure.
Items assigned an ECCN generally fall into categories such as electronics or technology, but it is still worthwhile to have an experienced legal expert review your product to ensure an ECCN does not apply. At that point, you can have your professional obtain a Commodity Classification Automated Tracking System (CCATS) number from the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) to give the product a formal classification.
Although not every circumstance requires it, a CCATS may provide assurances to finance partners, customs brokers and receiving entities by demonstrating that you went through the proper channels to export your product. That means it may be easier to find a suitable consignee in your destination and get the necessary permits.
Diligence your international cannabis trade partners
After obtaining a CCATS, exporters should conduct due diligence on any partner in the transaction and the ultimate product destination. Due to embargoes, export to Cuba, North Korea, Syria and Iran are impermissible except by explicit licensing from appropriate U.S. agencies. All parties to the transaction — including entities and their majority stakeholders — should also clear the restricted-parties lists with the BIS and the Office of Foreign Assets Control.
The future of cannabis and marijuana paraphernalia imports/exports
Obviously, marijuana products (i.e., containing more than .3% delta-9 THC) are still federally illegal in the U.S. There is no lawful market for their import/export (with the exceptions blessed by the DEA mentioned above). However, hemp (including “marijuana” seeds) and hemp derived products are picking up speed in the international marijuana trade.
Overall, the process is complex and fraught with legal pitfalls. The international cannabis trade is nonetheless an opportunity for businesses to diversify and expand their reach across the globe. If you’re contemplating the import or export of cannabis or paraphernalia, you’re definitely onto something. Know the game and proceed with caution given the compliance obligations and everchanging dynamics of the international cannabis trade.
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Cannabis News
America’s Constitutional Conundrum: Guns and Ganja
Published
2 days agoon
January 21, 2025By
admin
Of Guns and Ganja: America’s Constitutional Conundrum
If there’s one thing America is famous for, it’s guns – and lots of ’em! In the land of the free and home of the brave, firearms aren’t just a right, they’re practically a national pastime. With over 400 million firearms floating around a nation of 330 million people, it’s safe to say that guns are as American as apple pie and baseball.
But you know what else Americans love? Drugs. The US remains the world’s largest drug market, with an particularly passionate affair with cannabis. Mary Jane has come a long way since the “Just Say No” propaganda of the D.A.R.E. days. Now, millions of Americans legally light up in their home states, transforming from “criminals” to “consumers” faster than you can say “tax revenue.”
Here’s where things get sticky though. Despite the Biden administration’s vague promises of reform, cannabis remains stubbornly classified as a Schedule I substance at the federal level. This creates a peculiar predicament for freedom-loving Americans who appreciate both their Second Amendment rights and their evening toke.
You see, there’s this obscure interpretation of federal law that says if you consume cannabis – even legally in your state – you’re technically not allowed to own firearms. Let that sink in for a moment: in a country with more guns than people, where cannabis is legally sold in most states, you’re forced to choose between your constitutional right to bear arms and your state-sanctioned right to consume a plant.
As you might imagine, telling Americans they can’t have their guns AND their ganja isn’t exactly going over well. It’s a uniquely American saga that pits state rights against federal law, personal freedom against bureaucratic overreach, and common sense against, well… whatever you’d call this situation.
Let’s dive into this bizarre legal battleground where constitutional rights and cannabis collide.
As America’s cannabis landscape evolves, we’re witnessing a fascinating legal tug-of-war between state sovereignty and federal authority. The latest battleground? The constitutional rights of cannabis consumers to bear arms.
In a groundbreaking decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit recently reaffirmed that banning occasional marijuana users from owning firearms is unconstitutional. The case, known as U.S. v. Daniels, centers around a man who was sentenced to four years in prison after police found trace amounts of cannabis and firearms during a routine traffic stop. Talk about wrong place, wrong time!
The federal government, particularly under the Biden administration, has been performing some impressive mental gymnastics to justify their position. Their argument? Cannabis users with guns “endanger public safety,” “pose a greater risk of suicide,” and are more likely to commit crimes “to fund their drug habit.” They’ve even argued that cannabis consumers are “unlikely to store their weapons properly.” I guess they never met my ex-military uncle who meticulously organizes his gun safe while enjoying his evening edible.
But here’s where it gets really interesting. The Department of Justice claims the restriction is perfectly constitutional because it aligns with the nation’s history of disarming “dangerous” individuals. They’re essentially putting cannabis users in the same category as folks with domestic violence restraining orders. As someone who’s spent considerable time around both cannabis users and domestic abusers (professionally, of course), I can tell you there’s a slight difference in temperament.
The courts, however, aren’t buying it. As the Fifth Circuit pointed out, the government failed to prove that Daniels was “presently or even regularly intoxicated at the time of arrest.” They noted that even if the government had proven frequent intoxication, they offered “no Founding-era law or practice of disarming ordinary citizens ‘even if their intoxication was routine.'”
The ruling doesn’t completely invalidate the federal statute (known as § 922(g)(3)), but it does expose its shaky constitutional foundation. As the court stated, “This is not a windfall for defendants charged under § 922(g)(3),” but rather a recognition that the government’s enforcement approach is fundamentally flawed.
Meanwhile, the National Rifle Association (NRA) – not exactly known for their progressive stance on substances – acknowledges the absurdity of the situation. They point out that “marijuana use is no longer limited to the domain of indigenous religious customs or youth-oriented counterculture and now includes a wide variety of people who use it for medicinal or recreational reasons.” When even the NRA is suggesting your gun control measure might be a bit extreme, you know something’s amiss.
The result of all this legal wrangling? A patchwork of confusion where state-legal cannabis users must choose between their Second Amendment rights and their medicine or recreational preference. It’s a prime example of how federal prohibition creates more problems than it solves, forcing otherwise law-abiding citizens to become unwitting criminals simply for exercising multiple legal rights simultaneously.
Welcome to America, folks, where you can have your guns or your ganja, but apparently not both – at least until the courts finish sorting out this constitutional cannabis conundrum.
Let me be blunt – we’re caught in a classic American political pretzel. The Biden administration dangles the carrot of rescheduling cannabis to Schedule III, making vague promises that sound good on the campaign trail but do little to address the fundamental issues plaguing cannabis consumers, including their right to bear arms.
While some celebrate these baby steps toward reform, I’ve been around this block enough times to know that rescheduling is like putting a Band-Aid on a bullet wound. It might stop some bleeding, but it doesn’t address the underlying trauma. The gun rights issue is just one of many complications that arise from cannabis’s continued inclusion in the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).
Here’s the uncomfortable truth: there’s only one real solution, and it runs straight through the halls of Congress. The same body that created this mess with the CSA in 1971 is the only one with the power to truly fix it. Congress needs to completely remove cannabis from the CSA – not reschedule it, not modify its status, but fully deschedule it.
Think about it. Rescheduling to Schedule III would still leave cannabis in a weird legal limbo. Sure, it might make research easier and give Big Pharma more room to play, but what about the millions of Americans who use cannabis medicinally or recreationally in their state-legal markets? They’d still be federal criminals, still banned from purchasing firearms, still caught in the crossfire between state and federal law.
The only path forward is complete removal from the CSA, coupled with a federal framework that respects state markets while establishing basic national standards. This would resolve the gun rights issue overnight – no more choosing between your Second Amendment rights and your medicine or recreational preference.
Would I love to see Congress completely overhaul the CSA? Absolutely. The entire scheduling system is based on outdated science and political theater rather than actual harm reduction principles. But let’s be realistic – that’s about as likely as finding bipartisan agreement on… well, anything these days.
Instead, we need to focus on what’s achievable: complete cannabis descheduling. This isn’t just about guns and ganja – it’s about fixing a broken system that’s created countless legal paradoxes and unnecessary criminal penalties. It’s about acknowledging that the emperor has no clothes, that cannabis prohibition has failed, and that it’s time to move forward with a sensible federal policy.
Until Congress acts, we’ll continue to see these legal battles play out in courts across the country, watching judges try to reconcile constitutional rights with outdated federal drug laws. It’s a waste of judicial resources, taxpayer money, and most importantly, it’s a waste of Americans’ time and freedom.
The solution is clear. The only question is: how many more Americans need to get caught in this legal crossfire before Congress finally does its job?
Inspiration:
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/federal-court-reaffirms-that-ban-
on-gun-ownership-for-people-who-occasionally-use-marijuana-is-unconstitutional/
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/nra-says-federal-ban-on-
marijuana-amid-state-level-legalization-has-created-confusing-legal-landscape-for-gun-owners/
CANNABIS AND GUN RIGHTS, READ ON…
Cannabis News
MLK Day 2025: Cannabis and Civil Rights
Published
3 days agoon
January 20, 2025By
admin
It’s MLK Day once again.
I’ve been writing an MLK Day post on this blog for eight consecutive years. The theme of my posts is that cannabis is a civil rights issue, and that Dr. King would have advocated for ending prohibition based on that fact.
Each year, I have demonstrated with facts (upon facts upon facts) that the War on Drugs continues in insidious ways. In, 2023, which is the most recent year that FBI data is available, law enforcement officials made over 200,000 arrests for marijuana-related convictions. Those 200,000 arrests constitute roughly 25% of all drug-related arrests.
Sadly, arrests of black people constituted 29% of all drug arrests in 2023, although only 13.6% of Americans are black.
Heading into MLK Day weekend, President Biden announced that he is commuting the sentences of nearly 2,500 people convicted of non-violent drug offenses. The focus was predominantly on individuals “who received lengthy sentences based on discredited distinctions between crack and powder cocaine…”, as opposed to cannabis-related crimes. According to the Last Prisoner Project, “the total number of those incarcerated for cannabis who received commutations is not knows, but nine LPP constituents will be free.”
For all that Biden promised as to cannabis, it’s the least we could have asked. Under the new Trump administration, attention will quickly return to the frustrating marijuana rescheduling process. If cannabis ends up on Schedule III, criminal penalties for traffickers may soften, but make no mistake: possessing and distributing cannabis will still be a federal crime.
At the state level, where most arrest occur, progress has slowed in the last few years. Out here where I live in Oregon, with our 800 cannabis stores, it’s astonishing to think of 200,000 annual cannabis arrests– most for simple possession, no less.
There is a lot of work to do. Here are a short list of organizations if you’d like to get involved:
For prior posts in this series:
Cannabis News
No Smoking, No Vaping – What’s the Safest Way to Consume Cannabis Based on Your Genetics and Science?
Published
3 days agoon
January 20, 2025By
admin
The Safest Way To Consume Cannabis For Health, According To Science and Genetics
Marijuana legalization continues to help thousands of people.
Most especially those who need marijuana to treat conditions in a safer, more natural, and more cost-effective manner compared to pricey, addictive, and dangerous pharmaceutical medications. That said, not all weed is made the same: depending on where you get your weed, some of it may be grown using pesticides, which can be bad for your health especially when smoked. So yes, it does matter what kind of weed you’re smoking and where you got it from.
In addition, not all methods of consumption are also the same. Many consumers, particularly extremely health-conscious individuals, prefer not to smoke weed. Smoking weed that’s been grown with pesticides can also be dangerous for one’s health. It’s especially not recommended if you are immunocompromised,
That’s why a growing number of consumers prefer to explore the variety of other consumption methods available these days, such as edibles, tinctures, beverages, and cannabis oil to name a few.
Now, the results of a new study have just been published, suggesting that cannabis oil extracts may be the safest way to consume weed. Researchers studied MCT oils that contained high concentrations of CBD with some THC.
“Several studies have found damage to various chromosomal associated with cannabinoid use,” said the researchers. “Considering numerous studies demonstrating the genotoxicity of cannabis, it is noteworthy that many of these investigations have focused on individuals who consume cannabis through smoking or in cigarette form, normally rich in THC,” they said.
The researchers specifically found that extracts of cannabis sativa don’t exhibit genotoxic or mutagenic potential in doses that are commonly used by patients to manage anxiety, pain, epilepsy, and other conditions. “Although the current literature on cannabis sativa extract remains inconsistent, most evidence suggests that these extracts are safe for cells and DNA under both acute and chronic experimental conditions, even at high doses, in studies involving both male and female animals,” wrote the researchers.
Some consumers were alarmed recently when studies, albeit weak in nature, were published, which suggested that cannabis smoke had the potential to be genotoxic. That said, it still isn’t recommended for individuals who may be immunocompromised but there is no strong evidence that cannabis can indeed cause genetic mutations.
Since oral consumption of cannabis oil bypasses the respiratory system and allows patients a more accurate way to dose, it’s become the preferred method of consumption for many medical cannabis patients. Whether you’re young or old, the safety profile of cannabis oil has been proven; this is especially true if you wish to avoid respiratory harm.
The Role Of Quality Cannabis In Health
As cannabis consumers, there are many ways you can ensure that you’re medicating with clean, safe cannabis that’s free from dangerous contaminants. Pesticides aren’t the only contaminants to be aware of; street cannabis sold by dealers can be laced with toxic additives and even fatal ingredients, such as in the notorious case of the tainted THC vapes containing Vitamin E acetate. Other undesirable ingredients to take note of include residual solvents and heavy metals.
It’s also your role as a consumer to do research about the quality of cannabis you buy. Of course, it makes sense to only buy from licensed cannabis dispensaries since they can easily supply laboratory-tested cannabis products. From edibles to oils, flowers and more, licensed dispensaries can provide products that have a Certificate of Analysis or COA, which can either be printed on the packaging itself, accessed online, or via a QR code. A cannabis product with a COA can give you peace of mind that the product meets stringent testing and quality standards.
In addition, you can also seek out certified organic cannabis products. Of course, the fact that cannabis still isn’t federally legal means that there is nothing similar to a USDA Organic certification for weed, though some manufacturers make it easier for consumers these days to know if they are buying organic or not. For example, if you live in California, you can look for Clean Green Certified or OCal (weed that has been grown in standard that are comparable to organic).
Conclusion
If you are older or have pre-existing medical conditions, the best way to medicate with marijuana is by taking cannabis oil orally. It’s also extremely versatile, since it can be used to treat an array of conditions ranging from nausea to chronic pain, headaches, muscle pain, and so much more. While it may have reduced bioavailability compared to smoking, cannabis oil extracts do provide fairly quick relief for several conditions.
Smoking weed in any form, whether by flower, vape oil, or concentrates, should be avoided or limited altogether. There are also other potential consumption methods that are safer and more suitable for the immunocompromised, such as sprays, edibles, and topicals.
It also helps to carefully consider the type of cannabinoids you are consuming. For patients that need to medicate during the daytime, CBD or high-CBD products are always preferred. One must be careful with THC especially if you are older, operate machinery, or have no previous experience with psychoactive drugs. Always start with the lowest dose possible, and work your way to a higher dose slowly.
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