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Why Are Heavy Metals, Like Lead and Cadmium, Testing So High in Cannabis Users’ Blood and Urine?

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In recent years, the growing acceptance and legalization of marijuana for recreational and medicinal use have spurred extensive research into its effects on health and well-being. Amid this evolving landscape, a noteworthy study has surfaced, shedding light on a pressing concern: heavy metal contamination in marijuana. This study, conducted by a dedicated team at Columbia University, has revealed unsettling data indicating that certain marijuana users may unwittingly expose themselves to heightened levels of heavy metals, specifically lead and cadmium, substances associated with profound and enduring health risks.

 

These results have broad repercussions because they force us to address a complex web of problems related to marijuana legalization safety, and use. Given that cannabis plants have the unique ability to absorb these pollutants from the soil in which they are grown, heavy metals, infamous for their harmful effects on human health, present a daunting barrier. Examining any hidden problems that might exist within this developing industry becomes more and more important as marijuana use spreads throughout numerous jurisdictions.

 

Study Methodology: A Closer Look at Blood and Urine

 

The study drew upon data from 2005 to 2018, sourced from the annual National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a comprehensive health assessment of the American population. This survey serves as a vital tracking tool for monitoring the well-being of U.S. citizens.

 

Within this study, the researchers scrutinized blood and urine samples from 7,254 individuals who self-reported recent marijuana use (within the past 30 days). What sets this investigation apart is its distinctive focus on the heavy metal levels within these individuals rather than solely assessing heavy metal concentrations within cannabis plants, as is more common in related studies. According to Tiffany Sanchez, one of the study’s authors, this aspect renders the research unique. However, it’s essential to acknowledge that the study did not distinguish between individuals using marijuana for medical or recreational purposes, preventing definitive conclusions regarding metal levels among medical cannabis users. Sanchez emphasized the importance of further exploration in future research endeavors.

 

Heavy metals can adhere to body cells and obstruct their ability to operate normally. This phenomenon has a long history and has been linked to serious health issues like cancer, degenerative disorders, and neurotoxic consequences. Additionally, some segments of the population, such as those immunocompromised or undergoing chemotherapy, may be at higher risk of exposure to metals or other common pollutants found in cannabis, such as molds. It’s important to note that this area still needs more study and attention because it is still poorly understood.

 

It’s critical to understand that other people are also exposed to heavy metals; tobacco users, for example, are exposed to an even wider range of pollutants. Notably, it has been discovered that e-cigarettes contain high levels of metal aerosols such as nickel, chromium, lead, and zinc. Studies have also shown that e-liquids and the tanks of e-cigarettes include arsenic, lead, nickel, tin, manganese, copper, and chromium, further highlighting the complexity of problems related to substance abuse and significant health dangers.

 

Regulation and Safeguarding Against Heavy Metal Contamination

 

The issue of heavy metal contamination in marijuana products is further compounded by the fragmented legal landscape surrounding cannabis in the United States. With marijuana being illegal at the federal level but legal for recreational use in 22 states and permitted for medicinal use in 38 states, there exists a complex web of regulations and standards—or lack thereof.

 

In some states where marijuana is legal, regulations mandate testing for heavy metals, and strict limits are set on their concentrations in cannabis products. However, each state tends to establish its permissible levels of contaminants, leading to inconsistencies in safety standards.

 

Furthermore, illegal dispensaries in states where marijuana is legalized pose a significant challenge. These unregulated outlets often sell products that may not undergo rigorous testing for heavy metal contamination. Consumers may unknowingly purchase marijuana products with elevated levels of heavy metals from these unregulated sources.

 

Even hemp-derived products, which have gained popularity, lack consistent federal testing rules for heavy metals. Recent research has revealed heavy metal contamination in products like hemp-derived CBD e-cigarettes.

 

Despite these challenges, there are positive developments. States are progressively improving their screening processes for contaminants in marijuana products. Notably, the study cited includes data from before many states had fully legalized marijuana, suggesting that the situation might be evolving.

 

To safeguard against heavy metal contamination in marijuana products, consumers are encouraged to purchase from legal dispensaries, as these establishments typically adhere to state-mandated testing and quality control standards. State health department websites often provide lists of licensed dispensaries. Additionally, consumers should request certificates of analysis from dispensaries, ensuring that products meet safety standards and are free from heavy metal contaminants. Continued efforts to establish consistent, nationwide regulations and standards for heavy metal testing in marijuana and hemp-derived products are crucial for ensuring public safety and health.

 

Sources and Consequences of Heavy Metal Contamination in Marijuana

 

Heavy metal contamination in marijuana primarily originates from the plant’s remarkable capacity to absorb these harmful substances from its environment. Soil contamination is a key source, as the cannabis plant absorbs heavy metals naturally in the soil when it draws nutrients and water. Environmental factors, such as industrial emissions and water pollution, can also introduce heavy metals into the plant’s growth cycle. Furthermore, unregulated cultivation practices, particularly in regions where marijuana remains illegal or unmonitored, can lead to contaminated soil, water, and fertilizers, increasing the risk of heavy metal contamination in the final product.

 

The effects of marijuana containing heavy metals are significant and wide-ranging. Significant health concerns are posed to consumers by this pollution. When children are exposed to lead, even a small amount of it can negatively affect their cognitive development, and adults exposed to lead are more likely to develop high blood pressure, heart difficulties, and kidney damage. A carcinogen classified as cadmium can weaken bones and cause kidney illness. The effects of persistent exposure to these heavy metals may severely and permanently impact an individual’s general well-being.

 

Furthermore, heavy metal contamination in marijuana is not just a personal concern; it also extends to public health. With the increasing legalization of marijuana, the risk of encountering contaminated products rises. Medicinal marijuana users may be particularly vulnerable, often with preexisting health conditions. The lack of consistent regulations and testing standards across states and nations complicates the issue, making it challenging for consumers to assess product safety. Environmental concerns arise as improper disposal of contaminated plant material or cultivation waste can lead to soil and water pollution, endangering ecosystems and potentially affecting other crops and wildlife. Addressing this problem requires the implementation of stringent regulations, standardized testing procedures, and enhanced consumer awareness to ensure the safety of marijuana products while safeguarding public health and the environment.

 

Bottom Line

 

The study reveals a concerning link between marijuana use and heavy metal exposure, particularly lead and cadmium, highlighting potential health risks. With inconsistent regulations and safety standards across states, consumers should seek products from legal dispensaries and demand certificates of analysis to ensure safety. Addressing this issue requires stringent regulations and enhanced awareness to safeguard public health and the environment.

 

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Autoimmune Conditions Are Rising Fast in American Medicine, Can Cannabis Help?

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Why Are Autoimmune Conditions On The Rise? And How Cannabis Can Help

 

Autoimmune diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that occur as a result of the immune system attacking your own tissues.

 

In a normal human body, the immune system is responsible for protecting the body by producing antibodies that prevent toxins, cancer cells, and viruses from harming the body. However, when one is struck by an autoimmune disorder, the immune system is no longer able to distinguish the difference between dangerous cells and healthy cells. As a result, the healthy cells are attacked, too.

Today, we know of around 100 different kinds of autoimmune conditions. Some of the most common examples of autoimmune conditions include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis (MS), and the Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) to name a few. Others include Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, psoriasis, and vasculitis.

 

According to the National Health Council, around 50 million Americans are affected by autoimmune diseases today. This is a conservative estimate, considering that several autoimmune conditions are tricky to treat and so many people go undiagnosed for long periods of time. It’s worrisome to note that there are more people developing autoimmune diseases these days, many of which have reached levels comparable to epidemics.

 

But cannabis can help!

 

How Cannabis Can Help Curb And Manage Autoimmune Diseases

 

Not one single cause is responsible for the alarming growth of autoimmune diseases, though there are several factors at play. While there isn’t just one cause we can point at, it’s certain the reasons lie in our environment. After all, human genetics haven’t changed significantly yet the chemicals, toxins, and pollutants in our food and everyday items have risen dramatically.

 

In addition, people are getting less sleep than ever; stress rates are through the roof, and people are constantly worried. There is a clear link between psychological stress and physical health as well as immunity, which is why it isn’t unusual – it’s even common – to see many autoimmune disease cases flare up after people experience severe stress caused by grief, an accident, job loss, or the death of a loved one. These highly stressful and traumatic conditions wreak havoc on the body’s immune response, causing inflammation all over the body.

 

Conventional treatments prescribed to treat autoimmune conditions are focused on taming inflammation; these usually include steroids but also some non-steroidal drugs. These drugs often come with unwanted side effects, but research has shown that cannabis can work with the endocannabinoid system through THC and CBD, as well as other cannabinoids, to simulate similar results. In one study for example, we can see the clear association of the endocannabinoid system for neurodegenerative and inflammatory processes seen in Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.


There has also been an increasing number of studies proving the efficacy of cannabis for treating several autoimmune conditions.

 

Cannabis For Multiple Sclerosis

 

Multiple sclerosis is one of the autoimmune conditions where a growing number of studies have come out supporting the therapeutic benefits of cannabis for. In a 2024 study, patients with multiple sclerosis reported several improvements in quality of life after using cannabis-based medical products (CBMPs). For the study, British investigators analyzed the impact of cannabis based medicinal products made from either oil or extracts in 141 patients who were enrolled in the UK Medical Cannabis Registry.

 

The researchers then analyzed the changes in patient outcomes after a month, then three and 6 months after. According to the patients themselves, they were able to sustain improvements in their mental and physical health after marijuana therapy.

 

“This case series demonstrates a potential association between the initiation of CBMPs and improved patient reported outcomes in sleep, anxiety, and general HRQoL [health-related quality of life] measures, over six months,” said the study authors. “Additional measures for HRQoL, including various physical and mental health subdomains, also exhibit improvements up to six months when compared to baseline,” the authors concluded.

 

In another study from 2023, patients with multiple sclerosis reported significant improvements in symptoms after cannabis use. For the study, researchers from the Dent Neurologic Institute in Buffalo, New York, analyzed the medical records of 141 patients with multiple sclerosis, who were also legally authorized to consume medical marijuana products. They then analyzed data from the patients after one up to 4 follow-up sessions after the initial session of cannabis therapy. Sixty-five percent of patients consumed 1:1 THC:CBD tinctures.

 

According to the authors: “The results of this study indicate that use of MC [medical cannabis] to alleviate symptoms of MS is largely efficacious, with improvement in pain (72 percent of patients), muscle spasticity (48 percent of patients), and sleep disturbance (40 percent of patients) frequently reported.”

 

“More than half of opioid users at baseline were able to either discontinue or decrease their opioid use after starting MC. The mean daily MME [morphine milligram equivalents] was significantly reduced from the initial visit (51 mg) to the last follow-up visit (40 mg). This is consistent with previous literature showing that MC legalization is associated with decreased opioid use and that MC use is associated with decreased opioid use in patients with chronic pain. These findings indicate that MC may represent an alternative analgesic to opioids for some patients,” they wrote. 

 

Anecdotal Evidence

 

While more studies are needed to determine cannabis’ effect on other autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, we can rely on anecdotal evidence. In 2020, data from the medical journal, Rheumatology, revealed that patients who have this condition, along with those who have lupus and fibromyalgia, consume cannabis.

 

In fact, it was reported that marijuana was extremely common especially for patients with fibromyalgia. “In this meta-analysis, we found that one in six patients suffering from rheumatologic disease actively consumes cannabis, reducing pain reduction… A favorable effect of cannabis on pain in our meta-analysis reinforces the idea that cannabis could be used for analgesic purposes,” the authors concluded.

 

Conclusion

Cannabis is a safe and natural way to help prevent and treat the symptoms of autoimmune disease. It targets inflammation at its root, and is a proven natural way to help cope with stress, pain, insomnia, and inflammation all while protecting the brain. However, it’s important to ensure you medicate with clean, organic sources of marijuana.

 

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Hemp and the New Senate Farm Bill

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The U.S. Senate’s version of the Farm Bill finally landed this week. They’re calling it the Rural Prosperity and Food Security Act of 2024 (the “Senate bill”). The Senate bill follows on the House’s proposal, called the Farm, Food and National Security Act of 2024 (the “House bill”), offered in May. Neither the Senate bill nor the House bill would preempt state or Indian law regarding hemp or the regulation of hemp products. This means states and tribes will retain a lot of latitude in regulating hemp and hemp-derived products– which gets people fired up.

Aside from giving states some runway, the Senate bill and the House bill differ in key respects regarding hemp. Therefore, these august bodies must confer and reconcile their sundry proposals. That could happen in 2024, but seems more likely in 2025 when the new Congress convenes. As of this week, though, we finally have a framework.

The Senate Bill re-defines “hemp” and defines “industrial hemp”

Section 10016 of the Senate bill (“Hemp Production”) amends the definition of “hemp.” Hemp was defined in the 2018 Farm Bill and removed from the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA), taking us on a truly wild ride. See: What Happened to Hemp? (“What Happened”). The Senate bill also gives us a definition for “industrial hemp.” Here are those definitions, with points of emphasis in bold:

(1) Hemp. The term “hemp” means (A) the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 total tetrahydrocannabinol concentration (including tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis; and (B) industrial hemp.

(3) Industrial Hemp. The term “industrial hemp” means the plant Cannabis sativa L. if the harvested material (A) is only (i) the stalks of that plant, fiber produced from those stalks, or any other manufactured product, derivative, mixture, or preparation of those stalks (except cannabinoid resin extracted from those stalks); (ii) whole grain, oil, cake, nut, hull, or any other compound, manufactured product, derivative, mixture, or preparation of the seeds of that plant (except cannabinoid resin extracted from the seeds of that plant); or (iii) viable seeds of that plant produced solely for production or manufacture of any material described in clause (i) or (ii); and (B) will not be used in the manufacturing or synthesis of natural or synthetic cannabinoid products.

The new regime

Again, the definitional stuff in bold is what I want to emphasize.

First, the Senate bill keeps the THC threshold at 0.3 percent, which is an arbitrary number we’ve been advocating against for years. The Senate bill mirrors the House bill in this respect, though, so we are stuck with this, unless Ron Paul gets his way.

Second, the Senate bill keeps the 2018 Farm Bill’s total THC standard, including THCA. The House bill does this too. This was fairly predictable: in What Happened, I wrote that we could “expect the total THC standard to remain, which means that actual Delta-9 THC won’t be the only metric for calculating THC content.”

We’ve also explained on this blog that the 2018 Farm Bill and USDA rules mandate total THC testing on pre-harvest hemp batches, but do not mandate such testing on post-harvest hemp or hemp products. The Senate bill doesn’t change this paradigm, which means the “loophole” for gas station weed remains open. This proposal is a big win for opponents of the House bill’s “Miller Amendment,” which would narrow the definition of “hemp” to exclude intoxicating hemp-derived substances.

Third, the Senate bill introduces a new definition and framework for industrial hemp. The House bill does this too, albeit slightly differently. The idea here is to invite farmers to grow hemp for fiber and grain purposes, while freeing them from regulatory burdens with the Department of Agriculture and criminal exposure with the Department of Justice. More specifically, for “industrial hemp” growers, the Senate bill:

  • removes background check requirements;
  • instates “relaxed regulatory requirements” for sampling and inspection methodologies (which will need to be adopted by rule); and
  • develops a certified seed program. 

The Senate bill also makes any hemp producer ineligible to grow hemp for five years if that producer, “with a culpable mental state greater than negligence, produces a crop of hemp that is inconsistent with that license.”(Hint: use the seed program.) The proof standard here seems like it could be an issue, and even if anyone has been adjudicated as growing marijuana under the guise of hemp, Farm Bill ineligibility seems like a far-off concern.

Bottom line

The big takeaway for me is that the Senate bill leaves the door open for intoxicating hemp products, whereas the Miller Amendment to the House bill does not. Something’s gotta give. And it needs to happen soon, because we’re already long overdue. As I explained in a webinar last week, the Farm Bill deals with the nation’s entire food supply, not just hemp. Therefore, this is not like with the SAFE Banking Act, where we have a proposed law specific to cannabis that may or may not ever pass. The Farm Bill must pass, and soon.

Stay tuned and we’ll keep you updated on any major happenings. For more on this topic, check out our massive hemp and CBD archive, or these specific, recent posts:



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The Red Wall Blocking Marijuana Legalization in America, Real or Imagined?

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As the movement for marijuana legalization gains momentum across the United States, a significant barrier remains in place in many conservative states, forming what advocates and analysts have termed a “red wall.” This phenomenon highlights the stark divide between states that have embraced cannabis reform and those that continue to criminalize its use, particularly in areas where Republican leadership is firmly entrenched. This article will explore the current landscape of marijuana legalization, the factors contributing to this resistance, and the implications for consumers and advocates alike.

 

 The Current State of Marijuana Legalization

 

Over the past decade, public opinion regarding marijuana has shifted dramatically. According to recent polls, approximately 68% of Americans support legalizing cannabis for recreational use. This shift has translated into legislative action, with 38 states and the District of Columbia allowing medical marijuana and 24 states legalizing it for recreational use. States like California, Colorado, and Illinois have set precedents with robust frameworks for both medical and recreational cannabis markets.

 

Despite this progress, a significant number of states remain resistant to change. As of 2024, there are still 20 states where marijuana is illegal for recreational use, many of which are governed by Republican majorities. This resistance is often attributed to a combination of political ideology, cultural attitudes, and concerns about public safety.

 

The Red Wall: A Political Barrier

 

The term “red wall” refers to the political landscape in conservative states where Republicans maintain control over both legislative chambers and the governor’s office—known as a trifecta. In these states, efforts to legalize cannabis face substantial obstacles due to party alignment and prevailing conservative values.

 

States such as Wyoming, Idaho, and Nebraska exemplify this red wall. Here, despite growing public support for legalization, lawmakers remain hesitant to advance legislation or allow ballot initiatives that would enable voters to decide on cannabis reform. The result is a patchwork of laws that leaves millions of Americans in conservative regions without access to legal cannabis.

 

 Factors Contributing to Resistance

 

 

One of the primary reasons for the red wall against marijuana legalization is the deeply ingrained political ideology within conservative circles. Many Republican leaders view cannabis as a moral issue rather than a public health or economic one. This perspective is often rooted in traditional values that prioritize law and order over personal freedom.

 

Additionally, some conservative lawmakers express concerns about the potential societal impacts of legalization, including increased drug use among youth and impaired driving incidents. These fears can overshadow empirical evidence from states that have legalized cannabis, which often show no significant increase in youth usage or traffic accidents.

 

 

Cultural attitudes toward marijuana also play a significant role in shaping policy decisions in conservative states. In many regions, cannabis remains stigmatized as a dangerous drug associated with criminal behavior. This stigma can lead to fear-based policymaking that prioritizes prohibition over regulation.

 

Moreover, conservative communities may have strong ties to traditional industries such as agriculture and law enforcement that view marijuana legalization as a threat to their interests. These cultural dynamics create an environment where lawmakers are reluctant to support reform efforts that could alienate their constituents or undermine their political base.

 

Legislative Challenges

 

In addition to ideological resistance, practical legislative challenges further complicate efforts to advance marijuana legalization in conservative states. Many red wall states have stringent requirements for ballot initiatives or legislative proposals that make it difficult for advocates to gain traction.

 

For instance, some states require an exceptionally high percentage of signatures from registered voters to qualify for a ballot initiative. In Florida, a recent attempt to legalize recreational cannabis fell short of the required 60% supermajority needed for passage, despite receiving majority support from voters. Such hurdles can stifle grassroots efforts and limit opportunities for public input on cannabis policy.

 

Recent Developments in Red Wall States

 

 

Historically, ballot initiatives have been an effective strategy for advancing marijuana legalization in various states. However, this approach has faced increasing challenges in conservative strongholds. In North Dakota and South Dakota, recreational cannabis measures were defeated again in 2024 after previous attempts had also failed.

 

In South Dakota specifically, voters approved a legalization measure in 2020 only to see it challenged by state officials who argued it was unconstitutional. This led to protracted legal battles that ultimately stalled implementation efforts. Such experiences highlight how state officials can actively work against voter-approved measures when they conflict with prevailing political ideologies.

 

Legislative Efforts: Stalled Progress

 

In addition to ballot initiatives failing at the polls, legislative efforts in red wall states have also struggled to gain traction. For example:

  • Kansas: Despite growing support among residents for medical marijuana legalization, Republican lawmakers have repeatedly blocked proposals aimed at establishing a regulated medical program.

  • Kentucky: Efforts to legalize medical cannabis have faced significant hurdles in the state legislature despite bipartisan support among constituents.

  • Wisconsin: Governor Tony Evers has proposed measures to legalize both medical and recreational marijuana; however, these proposals have consistently met resistance from Republican-controlled legislative chambers.

 

These examples illustrate how even when there is public support for reform, entrenched political opposition can thwart progress.

 

Implications for Consumers and Advocates

 

Continued Criminalization

 

The persistence of the red wall means that millions of Americans living in conservative states continue to face criminal penalties for cannabis use. Individuals caught with small amounts of marijuana can face fines or even jail time disproportionately affecting marginalized communities.

 

Moreover, the lack of legal access forces consumers into unregulated markets where product safety cannot be guaranteed. This situation poses health risks associated with untested products and contributes to ongoing cycles of criminalization rather than promoting responsible use through regulation.

 

Economic Consequences

 

The economic implications of maintaining prohibition are significant as well. States that refuse to legalize cannabis miss out on substantial tax revenue generated from regulated markets. For instance:

 

  • Colorado: Since legalizing recreational marijuana in 2014, Colorado has generated over $1 billion in tax revenue from cannabis sales.

  • California: The state’s legal cannabis market is projected to generate billions annually in tax revenue—money that could be used for education, infrastructure, and public health initiatives.

 

In contrast, conservative states that uphold prohibition forego these potential revenues while also incurring costs associated with enforcing drug laws and managing related criminal justice issues.

 

Advocacy Strategies Moving Forward

 

Given the challenges posed by the red wall, advocates for marijuana legalization must adapt their strategies if they hope to make progress in conservative states:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 The Future of Marijuana Legalization

 

As we look ahead, it is clear that overcoming the red wall will require persistent effort from advocates committed to changing hearts and minds within conservative states. While progress may be slow and fraught with challenges, shifts in public opinion suggest that change is possible.

 

The ongoing conversation surrounding federal rescheduling under President Biden’s administration could also influence state-level policies. If cannabis were moved from Schedule I to Schedule III under federal law—a move some speculate could happen under future administrations—states might feel pressured to reconsider their own prohibitive laws.

 

Ultimately, navigating this complex landscape will require resilience from advocates who understand both the political realities at play and the potential benefits of legalization for consumers and society as a whole.

 

Conclusion

The “red wall” against marijuana legalization represents a formidable barrier within many conservative states where outdated perceptions about cannabis persist alongside strong political opposition. As public opinion continues to evolve nationally favoring greater acceptance of both medical and recreational use advocates must adapt their strategies accordingly.

By building coalitions across diverse groups and focusing on education at the community level while pursuing incremental reforms where possible, advocates can work toward dismantling this barrier over time. The journey toward comprehensive marijuana reform may be long and challenging; however, with sustained effort and commitment from supporters across all sectors of society including those residing behind the red wall progress is achievable.

 

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