Weed officially became legal in Minnesota on August 1, 2023, and it’s now the 23rd state to legalize cannabis for adult use.

And while the majority of Minnesotans had been ready for legal cannabis for some time, achieving legalization in a no-ballot purple state required a consistent and concerted effort from a swath of legislators, stakeholders, and advocates.

Two of these advocates, Leili Fatehi and Laura Monn Ginsburg, worked for four years to bring Minnesota into the modern era of cannabis consumption, executing a big-picture strategy that ultimately helped Democrats secure a political trifecta, ushered in an era of downright legislative hustle, and finally ended cannabis prohibition in the North Star state.

Cannabis advocacy in Minnesota 

When Fatehi and Monn Ginsberg came together as legalization advocates in 2019, “no one thought that Minnesota was going to be legalizing anytime in the near future,” said Fatehi.

Minnesota does not allow ballot initiatives, meaning that legalization must come through the legislature. With a divided House and Senate, cannabis legalization was not on anyone’s agenda or radar — even within the Democratic party. “It wasn’t an issue that was on the party platform,” she said, “It was considered a third rail issue that the party didn’t want to touch.”

But having worked in political circles through their public affairs and political consulting firm Apparatus, Fatehi and Monn Ginsberg saw something different. “We were at an election party,” shared Fatehi, “and as I’m looking around, I see senator so-and-so smoking a joint, and there’s a council member, and there’s another prominent political figure.” 

Seeing that several politicians felt comfortable consuming cannabis in the open while others were incarcerated for it led to the realization that, while the state had a long tradition of grassroots advocacy, something was missing: a grasstops approach. From there came the creation of the advocacy group Minnesotans for Responsible Marijuana Regulation (MRMR), whose efforts focused on promoting legislative leadership on cannabis legalization. 

Working alongside other pro-legalization groups such as Minnesota NORML and Sensible Change for Minnesota, and under the snappy campaign slogan “MN Is Ready,” they got their first big win in 2021 when House Majority Leader Ryan Winkler agreed to take up the issue and gained House approval on the comprehensive legalization bill HF 600 — a first-ever in the state.

“With that win, now [legalization] was definitively a Democratic position,” said Fatehi. “There was political support behind it, and there was a consolidated bill.”

Navigating the House and Senate on the path to legalization

Despite getting HF 600 to pass in Minnesota’s House and making legalization a priority for Democrats, a significant hurdle remained, “We had a divided legislature. Senate Republicans wouldn’t even give this stuff a hearing,” said Fatehi.

A diverse and growing group of policy stakeholders came together under the umbrella of the MN Is Ready coalition, including industry members, labor unions, and community representatives, among others, and set up a political action committee (PAC), turning their focus to the electorate and November 2022 midterm elections.

“We did the kind of work that PACs do in those swing districts, where there were third-party candidates, and we knew they could cost a Democratic seat,” said Fatehi. “It was instrumental towards getting a pro-legalization majority, meaning democratic control in both chambers of the legislature, which no one expected.”

In January 2023, Democrats officially took control of the House and Senate for the first time since 2014, giving the party a political trifecta and an emboldened attitude toward getting things done. The state has now become a powerhouse for progressive legislation, with cannabis legalization as the cherry on top of a long list of accomplishments. 

The makings of a cannabis legalization bill

Before cannabis legalization could be passed, a bill had to be written. And given that Democrats had enjoyed only one other trifecta in the last 30 years, the general party ethos had become “LFG” — Let’s F–king Go.

“The last thing you want to do is assume that passing good legislation means that it’s going to lead to good outcomes.”

— Laura Monn Ginsburg

“So then we had to do this last push, which was to build the external infrastructure to help the legislature to be able, in a very short period, to put together a really good bill and pass it,” said Fatehi.

The process may have been relatively quick, but it involved hundreds of hours of working group sessions and public hearings to help legislators put together the policy provisions that went into the bill. “By virtue of having to go through so many committee stops, we had some really thorough conversations,” said Monn Ginsburg, including everything from wastewater runoff to impacts on schools and students. By delving into the finer details, they could craft a piece of legislation that Fatehi and Monn Ginsburg felt was uniquely Minnesotan.

“That’s something I feel was special about the process we went through; we really talked through it,” said Monn Ginsburg. “We had some substantive conversations with twenty-plus committees throughout the Minnesota legislature about every nook and cranny of this bill.” 

With minor differences between the House and Senate bills, both passed within the same week this past April. The reconciled bill was officially signed into law on May 30, 2023, by Governor Tim Walz.

Automatic expungement of all prior cannabis possession misdemeanors and petty misdemeanors is underway and will affect nearly 70,000 Minnesotans impacted by the war on drugs. The bill also created a panel to consider the expungement of prior gross misdemeanor and felony cases related to cannabis possession and sales.

Cannabis licensing unique to the Minnesota market 

While other state’s cannabis laws helped inform the creation of Minnesota’s, their development came down to creating a collaborative vision for what would make sense for their own state. “We knew we wanted to be craft, we knew we wanted to keep multi-state operators (MSOs) out, and that we wanted it to be equitable,” said Fatehi.

With those guiding principles in mind, hundreds of hours were spent brainstorming different ways to set up the licensing model. “And that is what resulted in this unique model in the bill,” Fatehi explained, “We’re not capping the number of licenses — it’s based on canopy size and designed to create an environment to support local Minnesota businesses.”

One of the ways the bill will help protect the Minnesotan market, at least initially, is through its unique licensing structure. “We spent a lot of time thinking through how these different pieces are going to work together,” said Fatehi. 

As it stands, 14 different types of licenses are available to businesses looking to participate in the adult-use and medical cannabis markets, and they can be combined to support various business structures or activities, aiming to provide local businesses with flexibility as the market grows and evolves. For example, a retail license holder can also hold a cannabis delivery service license, a medical cannabis retailer license, and a cannabis event organizer license.

Additionally, communities disproportionately impacted by prohibition will be prioritized for participation in the legal market. Social equity applicants, which may include people who live in low-income communities, have been previously convicted of a cannabis possession or sales offense, and veterans discharged over a cannabis offense, among others, will be given priority in licensing along with grants to help with startup costs and technical training.

Building on the foundations of the current hemp market

The state’s low-dose hemp market fills another uniquely Minnesotan piece to the legalization puzzle. While Fatehi and Monn Ginsburg were busy rallying Democratic support for the midterm elections, in May 2022, Minnesota made a bold and unexpected move that could set the state up for success when legal cannabis finally comes online.

“On the eve of the adult-use market opening up, these businesses are capitalized.”

— Leili Fatehi

Passed as part of an omnibus health care bill, the groundbreaking law — HF 3595 — legalized hemp-derived Delta-8, CBD, and low-dose THC edibles and beverages. And while jokes ensued when local GOP members were confused about the bill’s ramifications, Democrats insisted the intentions were clear.

“It wasn’t an accident. It was very much intentional,” said Fatehi. “When we created that marketplace for hemp-derived THC edible products, it created an opportunity for our local businesses to begin making these products, building out their supply chains, getting their brand out there, building customer loyalty, and developing relationships with local policymakers.”

Minnesota’s low-dose hemp-derived THC market has been booming, with sales in July 2023 reaching nearly $6 million. These products are available in mainstream retail outlets largely prohibited in recreational and medical cannabis markets, such as restaurants and grocery, convenience, and liquor stores.

“On the eve of the adult-use market opening up, these businesses are capitalized; they already have cannabis businesses. They’re competitive, not just in terms of getting a license [for adult use], but for being successful after that. The entire competitive landscape is different, and the consumer expectations are different as well,” said Fatehi.

What’s next for Minnesota’s legal weed market

When cannabis became officially legal in Minnesota on August 1, 2023, Minnesotans were allowed: 

• Possession of up to two ounces when out and about 
• Up to two pounds per adult at home 
• Home growing of up to eight plants

But the state is still a long way off, up to two years by some estimates, from officially launching its retail market.

With the work of legalization behind them, Monn Ginsburg and Fatehi are shifting their focus to supporting the fledgling market “because the last thing you want to do is assume that passing good legislation means that it’s going to lead to good outcomes,” said Monn Ginsburg.

They’ve now launched the Minnesota Cannabis Resource Center (MCRC), which is a public benefit corporation that will operate as a “think/do” tank centered on advancing a safe, equitable, and sustainable industry through its support to legislators, regulators, and industry as the market is developed and launched.

The duo also runs Blunt Strategies, a cannabis-focused public affairs and strategic consultancy whose primary focus is supporting local businesses, ensuring they have the tools, resources, and skill sets they need to thrive.

“We helped pass the law to look this way,” said Fatehi. “It’s both our pleasure and our obligation to now make sure that these businesses are set up for success.”