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The role of enzymes in cannabis cultivation

Published

6 months ago

January 14, 2026

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There’s a reason some practices survive in cannabis cultivation after everyone has quietly stopped believing in them. They work well enough, they’re popular, and most importantly, everyone else is doing it too. Acid-based line cleaners fit comfortably into that category. They sanitize, reset the system and provide the psychological relief of not knowing how to survive the process. “Whether it’s what you really want is another question,” says Key to Life’s Ian Smith. “Acids absolutely disinfect, but they also kill everything else. And we’ve found that they don’t kill pathogenic fungi like pythium or fusarium.” In other words, just because everyone uses acid-based cleaning products, it doesn’t mean it’s best practice. For Ian, enzymes are an alternative solution.

Purity vs. sterility
At the heart of the use of acid-based cleaning products is a contradiction. “How has the industry managed to equate cleanliness with sterility, even as it increasingly relies on biological inputs to drive efficiency, performance and consistency?” Ian asks. “That’s why we developed ENDzyme Pods at Key to Life.”

Key To Life did not enter the market as an enzyme brand. It started with compost tea brews, moved to single-strain bacillus products, and then expanded to broader microbial formulations, all built around the same principle. “Water-soluble inputs are delivered as cleanly and efficiently as physically possible,” he explains. “There are no core nutrients, no lifestyle brands, just supplements designed to make existing systems behave better.”

It is this vision that ultimately led to the development of ENDzyme Pods. “ENDzyme Pods isn’t just a product, it’s a corrective to how enzymes have traditionally been used and priced in cannabis. Many enzyme products on the market are expensive enough for growers to treat as an occasional supplement, although enzymes are most effective when used consistently.” Others, more problematically, are aggressive enough to undermine the biology that biological breeders are trying to preserve. “We saw enzyme products that would completely clean a system,” says Ian, “but they were also completely killing the biology, which basically defeats their purpose.”

Cleaning and improving plant health
By selecting bacterial strains that naturally produce enzymes and remain active in solution, ENDzyme Pods function as a cleaning agent and biological support tool. “Used continuously at low rates, approximately 1 ounce per 500 gallons, they break up biofilm, retain dissolved oxygen and keep irrigation lines clean without wiping the slate clean,” he explains. The cost implications alone are hard to ignore. “We did a side-by-side comparison with standard acid-based cleaners, considering dilution rates and frequency of use, and the biological approach came out 3 to 4 times more expensive over time. That’s before you factor in what acids don’t do, which is improve nutrient availability.”

This is where the conversation shifts from maintenance to performance. Acids disinfect, but they also stop the biological processes that help plants obtain nutrients. On the other hand, enzymes literally do the opposite. “They break down organic matter, convert nutrients into more plant-available forms and inoculate the root zone in the process. In a case study involving 4 crops, one facility reduced nutrient inputs by 30% while recording a 17.8% increase in total yield.”

That result makes sense if you accept the premise that many producers still struggle with, which is that more inputs don’t automatically translate into more outputs. “I often see facilities running EC levels of 3.0 or 3.5, then put biologics on top and wonder why the blockage occurs. At that point there is too much nutrition in the solution. The plant can’t absorb it all, biologics or not.” In other words, enzymes allow plants to access what is already there with less energy expenditure, and direct metabolic resources to growth rather than survival.

Competing pathogens
The effect of these enzymes is not limited to the root zone. One of the unexpected applications of ENDzyme Pods has been foliar application at higher concentrations, approximately 1 ounce per 2 gallons, where Ian says they have consistently eliminated powdery mildew and aspergillus, even in late bloom. “Applied weekly, growers have also prevented botrytis without acting as a fungicide in the regulatory sense.”

Instead of poisoning the pathogens, the bacteria outcompete them by sequestering the free iron that the fungi need to reproduce and channeling it to the plants. “The bacteria are then cannibalized after a short period of time, leaving no residue and requiring no post-harvest treatment,” Ian said.

Combined with micronutrients such as Green9, which provides amino acids along with elements such as calcium, boron, sulfur and zinc, the effects are compounded. “These are non-mobile nutrients, slow to reach the tissues where they are needed. Enzymatic activities help to deliver them more efficiently, strengthening the plant’s defenses and, as a result, increasing the production of secondary metabolites.”

At the same time, Ian is concerned that ENDzyme Pods are not a ‘get out of jail free card’ and therefore sanitation can be bypassed. “In fact, I recommend thorough resets upon rollover, including chlorine dioxide sanitation, filter changes, and proper dehumidifier cleaning, an area that many facilities neglect. Most disease pressure comes from environmental factors. Temperature drops, humidity spikes, dirty equipment. Biology helps, but works best when the system is already disciplined.”

Cannabis is grown in rooms designed to eliminate uncertainty, but the plant itself evolved in environments defined by microbial interactions. Trying to completely remove this reality has always been a temporary solution. “Nature has never been barren,” says Ian. “We can imitate that for a while, but biology always finds its way.”

For more information:
The Key of Life
(email protected)
keytolifesupply.com

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Entourage Health, formerly WeedMD, enters creditor protection

Published

18 hours ago

June 30, 2026

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Entourage Health Corp. has entered creditor protection. The company and six related entities filed on June 17 under the Companies’ Creditors’ Arrangement Act owed approximately $240.1 million to the sole affiliate of the LiUNA Pension Fund, its owner, its secured creditor and the lender that is now funding the money (First Report pp. 3-6-9

That affiliate, 2437653 Ontario Inc. No. 1 company, Entourage, secured a 2024 deal that took the former WeedMD private and off the TSX Venture Exchange (December 2024 PR). Shareholders were paid half a Canadian cent per share, or C$0.005, and the board recommended a sale in December 2024 (December 2024 PR).

Jason Alexander, head of the special committee of independent directors, recommended to shareholders. “The transaction ensures that shareholders will receive immediate tangible value while positioning the Company for future growth and flexibility,” Alexander said (December 2024 PR). The company took on $167.6 million in debt in that sale, having already breached the covenant with the same guarantee (December 2024 PR). Eighteen months later that debt was $240.1 million when it was filed, and the growth promised by the sale is a settlement (First Report 6-18 p.

Adult use is off, medical is still running
The leisure business is closing, not saving. Entourage laid off about 53 workers in early June before the order, and 22 remain (First Report p. 6 Adult use inventory is being cleared, finished products are shipped to provincial distributors, and flowers are sold in bulk to the market to other licensed growers (First Report p. 12 Color Cannabis, Dime Bag and Saturday Cannabis are the brands going down with it (First Report p. 5

What remains open is the doctor’s arm as the exclusive supplier of cannabis under the Starseed brand to local residents of the Workers International Union of North America (First Report p. 5 The pension fund that funds the procedure is tied to the same union that the medical brand serves, and the part of Entourage that serves union members is the part that is kept alive while the rest is sold for parts.

At the end of July the money runs out with no new money (First Report p. 11 The money comes again from the pension fund affiliate, a $1.1 million debtor-in-possession facility at 5% per annum, no commitment fee, no exit fee (First Report pp. 10-11). The monitor, Ernst & Young, checked terms against other DIP loans in the cannabis sector from January 2024 and concluded that a third-party lender would not lend on better terms given the state of the business (First Report p. 11 The lender, which already owed $240 million, is the only one willing to advance another million to keep the lights on through the sale.

Health Canada is the largest unsecured creditor, owed $494,505, ahead of all suppliers and competitors on the company’s books (List of Creditors p. 1 Supreme Cannabis is owed $262,133, medical platform HelloMD is owed $169,564, the Town of Aylmer is owed $144,815, the Independent Retail Cannabis Board is owed $137,098 and High Tide is owed $124,583 (List of Creditors p. 1 Unsecured claims total $3,288,333 in more than 100 names, many of which have yet-to-be-determined amounts by medical clinics (List of Creditors 1-5 p. Against $240 million guaranteed, none of them will see much.

In the June 29 return, the lender asks the judge to extend the stay until August 28, approve the DIP facility, and double the Administrative and Directors fees to $500,000 each (First Report 4-8-12. p. The directorship is rising as directors face payroll, holiday pay and excise duties over a longer period of time, and the company’s directors and officers insurance expires at the start of July (First Report p. 12

The sales process starts on the same day, based on a marketing effort that started around May and was presented before the deal that sparked interest but no one could make a deal (First Report p. 13 Insiders and affiliates have until July 6th to say they intend to bid, the bid deadline is July 30th, the successful bid must be received by August 7th, and the outside deadline is August 28th (First Report p. 15 The affiliate of the pension fund has written to the Monitor that it will not make an offer (First Report p. 16), and any other affiliate that does so must be removed from the process (First Report p. 16 The settlement request for non-cannabis equipment and the sale of the Aylmer facility, a 26,000-square-foot extraction and processing facility that has been the company’s production base at 250 Elm St.

the source

For more information:
Neighborhood Health
1.844.933.3636
(email protected)
entouragehealthcorp.com

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DEA And FDA Highlight How Marijuana Is Safer Than Alcohol And Opioids During Rescheduling Hearing’s Opening Day

Published

18 hours ago

June 30, 2026

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Attorneys for the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) on Monday highlighted testimony about the medical benefits of marijuana and its relative safety compared to other substances such as alcohol and opioids in the opening day of a hearing. The Trump administration’s cannabis rescheduling proposal.

Marijuana Moment spoke with several people in the audience for Monday’s hearing to find out how the testimony is going, despite the proceedings not being broadcast live to the public at the request of one congressman and others.

According to those sources, DEA attorney James J Schwartz stated that the government is the proponent of the proposed rule to formally move cannabis from Schedule I to Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), stating that the hearing is “not about the recreational use of marijuana” and “about regulation, not about legalization.”

“The government has presented no evidence to suggest that marijuana is not dangerous. All controlled substances are dangerous,
he said “However, controlled substances must be evaluated against the risks they pose, balanced against the medical benefits they provide.”

Dominic Chiapperino, director of the Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Controlled Drug Evaluation and Research and one of two DEA witnesses, testified about how federal health officials formed their recommendation to reschedule cannabis.

Opponents of the reform have used a new two-part test that they argue is a bad departure from a previous analysis, although a DEA lawyer said the hearing is not about that issue, and Chiapperino said the new test is now considered “every time” a new analysis is done on a drug.

The FDA official said the agency compared marijuana to alcohol, opioids and other substances in its scheduling analysis, and found that marijuana’s daily harms were lower than all or most of those comparators.

Cannabis is associated with fewer overdose deaths than comparable substances, Chiapperino said, and when reports of cases involving deaths mention marijuana, the deaths are often attributed to secondary incidents such as accidents or self-inflicted harm. Marijuana’s potential for overdose deaths is “much lower” than other Schedule I drugs and Schedule II drugs. Rather than opioids, the FDA official said.

As for withdrawal in regular users, Chiapperino testified that cannabis has symptoms similar to tobacco, including irritability, but alcohol has “more of a withdrawal syndrome,” which can include seizure and death.

Also on Monday, the lawyers of some of the parties against the reorganization had the opportunity to cross Chiapperino.

Kevin Sabet, president and CEO of the prohibitionist organization Smart Approaches to Marijuana, who was also invited to attend the hearing, said in a video posted on social media that it is “surreal” to see the government arguing that cannabis’s medical uses and relatively minor harms are “just lying through their teeth.”

The DEA “is in a very awkward position to argue the opposite of what it’s been arguing for the last 50 years, the opposite of what the science says, the opposite of what the evidence is,” he said, “which is, of course, to argue against the government that marijuana is more harmful than we thought, not less harmful.”

In short, the government has so far been repeating the inappropriate comparison of marijuana to alcohol, heroin, and other opioids. And duplicating the unprecedented new two-part test for medical use now accepted, which overturns a century of work in this medical…

— Smart Approaches to Marijuana (@learnaboutsam) June 29, 2026

On Tuesday, opponents of the review will have an opportunity to cross-examine the FDA official, and the government’s second witness, Corey Burchman, a doctor from New Hampshire, will begin his testimony. The DEA announced in a filing last week that it will do so Testify on “How Medical Marijuana Provides Medical Benefit to Pain Patients.”

On Monday, a DEA attorney said Burchman would “describe the real-world impacts of treating pain with marijuana instead of opioids” based on his experience with both and discuss how he has “personally transitioned patients from opioids to marijuana for their pain.”

The witness will also testify about the differences between cannabis and opioids in terms of withdrawal and overdose, he said.

Before the hearing began, marijuana reform activists rallied They held a press conference outside DEA headquarters to highlight how they feel of the process – criticizing the fact that supporters of the reform were not invited to participate and that the proceedings are not reproduced live, despite the “transparency” oath of the officials.

DEA Administrator Terrance Cole only organizations and individuals opposed to marijuana reform have been invited to the hearing as a designated participant – telling followers that they do not meet the definition of “interested person” to participate because they are not “affected or prejudiced by any rule or proposed rule that may be issued.”

last week, Marihuana Moments sent petitions to DEA Chief Administrative Law Judge Derek Julius and DEA Administrator Cole asking for them reverse the decision to ban the public from tuning into the cannabis hearing via live stream. A Congressmen and other journalists later joined that request.

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The opponents who are participating in the hearing submitted statements last week anticipate the anti-marijuana arguments they intend to make during the procedure.

The hearing it will end before July 15.

Acting Attorney General Todd Blanche in April He issued an order that immediately reclassified the state’s licensed medical cannabisas well as marijuana products approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under Schedule I through Schedule III of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA).

According to a separate order signed by the acting attorney general, the upcoming hearing will include Class III marijuana.

Preliminary hearing process on the marijuana redistricting process initiated by the Biden administration It was halted last year amid allegations of improper communications and witness selection.

the current The marijuana redistricting process is being challenged in several ways which have been upheld by a federal Court of Appeals. those pieces of State attorneys general have filed lawsuits against cannabis reform, Opponents of marijuana legalization and a a cannabis-based biopharmaceutical corporation.

Meanwhile, the reorganization of state-licensed medical cannabis is already having a major impact.

The Congressional Research Service published a report on the current rescheduling of cannabis Certified patients with medical marijuana from state licensed dispensaries are now eligible for Class III. “The order appears to allow end users to use marijuana medically without a CSA prescription,” he says.

The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has published a Draft update to a gun purchase form to recognize the legal status of medical marijuana in the reprogramming. The revised section of the question states that only the “recreational use or possession of marijuana” is federally prohibited, omitting the prior form’s mention of medical cannabis.

The US Treasury and Internal Revenue Service (IRS) said they plan to issued new tax guidelines for the marijuana industry after reprogramming. The reform will benefit state-licensed marijuana businesses by allowing them to take federal tax deductions that are currently prohibited under IRS Code Section III, known as Section 280E.

Even the DEA, which has long opposed cannabis legalization and accused the Biden administration of stalling the initiative in the reorganization process, has done so. It launched a registration process for legal marijuana businesses in the state to take advantage of the federal benefits that come with the reform.

The Department of Transport, on the other hand, issued guidelines stating this use Legal medical cannabis in the state is still no excuse for truck drivers to test positive for drugspilots and other safety-sensitive personnel.

A congressional committee recently Federal officials voted to block further steps to reschedule cannabishowever lawmakers from both parties told Marihuana Moment they don’t think that provision will be enacted become law

user photo Carlos Gracia.

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cbdMD welcomes White House call for fair treatment of hemp-derived products

Published

2 days ago

June 29, 2026

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cbdMD welcomes the Administration’s call for Congress to ensure fair treatment of hemp-derived products under federal law and calls for immediate action to revise hemp regulations to ensure fair treatment of hemp products under federal law.

In a letter to congressional leadership this week, the White House Office of Management and Budget identified hemp reform as a priority strongly supported by the Administration. The petition calls on Congress to ensure fair treatment of hemp-derived products by maintaining access to appropriate full-spectrum CBD products, and by maintaining Congress’ intent to reduce products that pose health risks. The administration also urged Congress to pass a responsible federal framework or at least extend the current implementation period to give lawmakers time to get policy right. The request builds on the president’s previous public statements urging lawmakers to protect access to full-spectrum CBD products that millions of Americans rely on.

“We are encouraged to see the administration so clearly championing the responsible, scientific hemp products that consumers depend on every day,” said Ronan Kennedy, CEO of cbdMD. “cbdMD has always believed that the future of this category is built on quality, transparency, and clear rules that separate them from bad actors. A federal framework that protects consumer access, promotes safety, and provides certainty to companies that provide certainty is what this industry and the people it serves deserve. We applaud the policymakers who are working to achieve this outcome.”

“We believe CbdMD is purpose-built for this next phase of the market,” added Kennedy. “Our focus remains on serving our customers with reliable and effective products, supporting responsible regulation and building long-term value for our shareholders as the category continues to evolve. Along the way, we will continue to evaluate the opportunities this evolving environment holds.”

For more information:
cbdMD
cbdmd.com/