Cannabis News
Do Psychedelic Mushrooms Have an Entourage Effect Similar to Cannabis?
Published
10 months agoon
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Understanding How The Entourage Effect Works In Psychedelic Mushrooms
Learn fascinating ways about how magic mushrooms work!
Most of us are already familiar with the entourage effect in marijuana. In essence, the entourage effect means that the therapeutic compounds in cannabis work more efficiently with one another, synergistically, to provide health benefits that are more powerful compared to when we take compounds on its own. While there are cannabis products that isolate THC and CBD, the science tells us that taking flower or full-spectrum form, where other cannabinoids and terpenes are present, are much more effective than one compound on its own.
The concept of the entourage effect was discovered in 1999 by none other than Raphael Mechoulam, the famous godfather of THC. Up until recently, most of what we know about the entourage effect has been limited to cannabis plants.
Now, there’s new data suggesting that the same can be observed when medicating with psychedelic mushrooms.
After all, psilocybin mushrooms – just like marijuana – also contain a complex array of other compounds, not just the star compound they are known for. While we do have some knowledge of how psilocybin works in the body thanks to clinical tests, keep in mind they do make use of synthesized psilocybin for research most of the time.
According to a recent study, psilocybin extracts may have more powerful health benefits for treating depression, OCD, anxiety, and PTSD to name a few because of the other psychoactive as well as non-psychoactive compounds in the mushroom. “My colleagues and I are very interested in the potential of psychedelics to treat serious, treatment resistant psychiatric disorders such as depression, PTSD, OCD and even schizophrenia,” explains Bernard Lerer, study author and a psychiatry professor and director at the Hadassah BrainLabs Center for Psychedelic Research at Hebrew University.
“There are many anecdotal and clinical reports which suggest that extract of psilocybin-containing mushrooms may have unique effects that are qualitatively and quantitatively different from chemical psilocybin, and also some preclinical studies. This observation has important clinical implications and we wanted to test it empirically in a laboratory study,” they said. So for the study, the researchers compared naturally-derived mushroom extracts to chemically made psilocybin, with the intention of discovering whether the other compounds within the extract can provide benefits that are not found when consuming isolated psilocybin.
The researchers utilized male adult mice for the trials; they were divided into groups: some were given the naturally occurring mushroom extracts, while the others were given the synthetic psilocybin. Meanwhile, others were given a control solution made of saline. Additionally, the researchers analyzed the heat twitch response (HTR) assay, which is a reputable method for analyzing the impacts of psychedelics on mice. Furthermore, the researchers analyzed the mice in a molecular and biochemical level to understand any synaptic protein expressions within the brain, which are features of neuroplasticity.
The results were astonishing: they found that the brains of the mice who were given the naturally occurring mushroom extracts showed more significant neuroplasticity markers through the presence of synaptic proteins, specifically GAP43, SV2A, PSD95, and synaptophysin. Since these proteins are required for development, synaptic growth, and neuroplasticity, these findings suggest that naturally occurring mushroom extracts may indeed have a more powerful impact compared to psilocybin isolate.
“Our findings need to be confirmed in human studies but they do suggest that there may be therapeutic advantages to psilocybin-containing mushroom extract over chemically synthesized psilocybin, when both are administered at the same psilocybin dose,” explains Lerer to Psypost.
So Much We Need To Uncover In The World Of Mushrooms
When magic mushrooms are cultivated and extracted naturally, the sub metabolites of the plant remain intact, unlike the isolated versions that are synthetically produced in a laboratory since it only contains psilocybin. There are several examples, such as the Baeocystin tryptamine, which can induce mild hallucinogenic effects. Beta-carbolines have also been discovered in psychedelic mushrooms, which can effectively help metabolize psilocin in the human body, causing a more intensive psychedelic experience.
But Why Is It Harder To Study Mushrooms Compared To Marijuana?
While the entourage effect of cannabis is already widely studied and better understood, the opposite is true when it comes to psychedelic mushrooms. There’s still so much we need to understand and study better; rodent studies are a start but translating them to humans is a whole other ball game. In addition, other experts have already acknowledged the challenges of identifying such impacts of the entourage effect.
For instance, Alan Rockefeller, a renowned mycologist who specializes in DNA sequencing as well as photography of fungi, tells Psychedelic Health: “No one really knows whether the entourage effect occurs with mushrooms.”
He goes on to elaborate the difficulties associated with studying mushrooms: “It is difficult to study because the same batch of mushrooms will have different effects in different people, and the same person on different days,” Rockefeller said. Also, it’s difficult to understand which compounds are active in a plant or mushroom, and how large the impact is for the active compounds. Researchers also need to understand the concentrations of each compound, and how different growing environments or processing can impact it.
“There are a dozen different tryptamines that can occur in mushrooms, plus a few beta-carbolines and hundreds of other molecules – so there is probably more than just psilocybin having an effect,” Rockefeller said. “Studying one compound at a time is hard enough, studying mixtures of hundreds of compounds is much more difficult. Without pure compounds, it is difficult to get repeatable results,” Rockefeller said. “It is possible that the therapeutic potential is different depending on the different compounds in the mushrooms. It’s also possible that psilocybin is the only thing that matters, and the other compounds are mostly inactive,” he said.
Conclusion
There’s so much yet that we need to know about how psychedelic mushrooms work. However, the possibilities that can be brought about by harnessing the power of the entourage effect in magic mushrooms is incredibly exciting. There is so much potential in this field that we can only truly uncover with more studies.
ARE PSYCHEDELICS CANNABIS 2.0? READ ON…
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Cannabis News
The Future King of Cannabis will be THC-Infused Beverages
Published
10 hours agoon
February 18, 2025By
admin
As someone who’s been dancing with Mary Jane for over two decades, I’ve watched the cannabis industry evolve from simple flower into an endless array of innovative products. I’ve tried just about every form of cannabis imaginable – from traditional joints to high-tech dabs, from basic brownies to sophisticated gummies, and everything in between.
For most old-school stoners like myself, smoking flower still reigns supreme. Sure, concentrates have carved out their niche, and edibles have certainly found their place in the cannabis kingdom. But there’s one product category that remains tantalizingly out of reach, one holy grail that could revolutionize not just cannabis consumption, but potentially reshape the entire recreational substance industry.
I’m talking about cannabis beverages. Now, before you rush to tell me they already exist – trust me, I know. But what’s currently on the market isn’t even close to what it needs to be. The first company to crack this code – to create the perfect cannabis drink that rivals the ease and social experience of cracking open a beer – stands to make billions.
This isn’t just speculation. Recent market research suggests we’re on the cusp of a beverage revolution, and cannabis is perfectly positioned to lead the charge. Let’s explore why the future king of cannabis isn’t a product that you smoke, dab, or eat – it’s one you’ll drink.
The numbers don’t lie, and they’re telling us something extraordinary. According to a recent study published in the British Food Journal, roughly 53-56% of beer drinkers are open to trying cannabis-infused beverages. Let that sink in for a moment. We’re not talking about a small niche market here – we’re talking about potentially converting half of the beer-drinking population into cannabis beverage consumers.
To put this in perspective, the U.S. beer market generates approximately $100 billion annually. If even a quarter of those open to trying cannabis beverages became regular consumers, we’re looking at a potential market worth tens of billions of dollars. This isn’t just a business opportunity; it’s an industry-defining moment waiting to happen.
But here’s the catch – and it’s a big one. When someone cracks open a beer, they generally know what to expect. Whether it’s a light beer at 4% alcohol or a craft brew at 7%, drinkers understand their limits. Through years of social drinking, people have learned their “sweet spot” – maybe it’s two beers for a pleasant buzz, or three for a livelier evening. The standardization of alcohol content has created a predictable, manageable drinking experience.
Cannabis beverages, however, are still stuck in the Wild West phase. Sure, you might see “10mg THC” printed on the can, but that same dose can floor one person while barely affecting another. The inconsistency isn’t just about individual tolerance – it’s about the fundamental challenge of creating a standardized cannabis drinking experience. Absorption rates vary wildly, onset times are unpredictable, and the overall effects can be all over the map.
This inconsistency is the Achilles’ heel of the current cannabis beverage market. Until someone figures out how to create a product that delivers a consistent, predictable experience – something as reliable as cracking open a Bud Light or a Corona – cannabis beverages will remain a novelty rather than the industry titan they could become.
Major players have already dipped their toes into the cannabis beverage pool. Companies like Pabst Blue Ribbon have launched cannabis-infused seltzers, while Lagunitas offers their Hi-Fi Hops drinks. Even beverage giant Constellation Brands (the folks behind Corona) invested billions in Canopy Growth, signaling big alcohol’s serious interest in the space. Yet, despite these heavy hitters throwing their hats in the ring, we still haven’t seen the breakthrough product that could truly revolutionize the market.
The fundamental challenge lies in creating a standardized drinking experience. Currently, most cannabis beverages rely on traditional THC infusion methods, which leads to unpredictable absorption rates and that dreaded “wait and see” game that’s familiar to anyone who’s eaten an edible. Some companies are experimenting with nano-emulsification technology to make THC molecules more water-soluble, potentially leading to faster onset times and more consistent effects. But we’re not quite there yet.
Here’s where things get really tricky: when cannabis is processed through the liver (as it is with traditional edibles and current beverages), it gets converted into 11-Hydroxy-THC, which packs roughly four times the punch of regular THC. This is why you might feel fine after one cannabis beverage, then suddenly find yourself on Mars after the second one kicks in. Unlike alcohol, where you can generally gauge your level of intoxication as you drink, cannabis beverages can stack up in unexpected ways, leading to the dreaded “green out.”
What the industry needs is some sort of revolutionary chemistry – perhaps a form of THC that bypasses liver processing, or a formulation that caps the conversion to 11-Hydroxy-THC. Maybe it’s about developing a cannabis beverage that provides a short-lived buzz, similar to alcohol’s relatively predictable duration. Or perhaps it’s about creating a self-limiting effect that prevents overconsumption.
The solutions might seem elusive, but the potential reward is staggering. The first company to crack this code – to create a cannabis beverage that allows people to drink socially without fear of unexpected intensity or duration – will essentially be sitting on a gold mine. We’re talking about potentially billions in revenue, not to mention the distinction of creating an entirely new category of social consumption.
The challenge is complex, but the market is ready. With over half of beer drinkers expressing interest in cannabis beverages, the demand is clearly there. Now it’s just a matter of who will solve the chemistry puzzle first. As someone who’s watched this industry evolve for decades, I can tell you – that breakthrough is coming. And when it does, it will fundamentally change not just how we consume cannabis, but potentially how we socialize altogether.
THC-INFUSED BEVERAGES ARE HERE, READ ON…
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Cannabis News
What You Need to Know about the Viral Medical Study Claiming Cannabis Causes Memory Loss
Published
1 day agoon
February 17, 2025By
admin
What You Should Really Know About The Viral Study Claiming Cannabis Causes Memory Loss
Over the past week, we’ve been seeing the same viral news appear on almost every internet news or media outlet.
It’s news surrounding the results of a controversial study, claiming that cannabis use can cause memory loss, especially when consumption patterns are on the heavy side. Researchers from the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus conducted what is considered to be the biggest study of its kind, specifically analyzing the impact of both lifetime and recent cannabis use on the cognitive function of over 1,000 individuals whose ages ranged from 22 to 36.
For the purposes of the study, heavy users were defined as the young adults who consumed weed over a thousand times in their lifetime. On the other hand, moderate users were defined as those who used 10 to 999 times, whole nonusers were those who consumed nonusers. They used MRI tests to assess neural activity among participants, and they were all given a variety of cognitive tasks to complete; the tasks tested different functions in the brain including memory, motor skills, language, emotion, and reward.
Additionally, the investigators used brain imaging technology to measure working memory, which refers to the brain’s short-term storage of information. Humans use working memory in everyday problem solving, reasoning, and other activities.
They found that there was a statistically significant impact on the working memory tasks given to participants, which meant that it was not likely due to coincidence. The dramatic impact was observed among the lifetime and recent cannabis consumers, though it was less significant when compared to other tasks.
“We applied the highest standards to our research, setting rigorous thresholds for statistical significance across all seven cognitive function tests. To minimize the risk of false positives, we employed false discovery rate (FDR) correction. While some of the other tasks indicated potential cognitive impairment, only the working memory task showed a statistically significant impact,” explains Joshua Gowin, PhD, the paper’s first author and an assistant professor of radiology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine and the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus. Specifically, the researchers discovered that the parts of the brain that are responsible for decision making, emotional processing, attention, and memory showed reduced activity among heavy cannabis users.
The Role of Abstaining
While this might come as a shock, it’s important to note that Gowin explains their findings suggest users can abstain from smoking cannabis before engaging in cognitive tasks, since this can help performance.
“People need to be aware of their relationship with cannabis since abstaining cold turkey could disrupt their cognition as well. For example, heavy users may need to be more cautious,” Gowin explains.
The effects of abstaining can depend on several factors, such as an individual’s history of cannabis use, the task at hand, and various biochemical individual differences. Adding to what Gowin said, there are certainly several potential benefits that users can expect when abstaining from weed, especially when they expect to do a mentally-burdensome task. These include an improvement in cognitive function, better concentration and focus, and sharper clarity as well as alertness.
But Can Cannabis Actually Improve Cognitive Function?
Studies have proven time and again that cannabis affects everyone differently. So while weed use can make some people sharper and more focused with cognitive tasks, it may not have the same effect for others – or even the majority of a population, as seen in this study.
There are also other studies proving that cannabis actually improves cognitive function in others, or doesn’t affect it at all. For example, Dr Staci Gruber’s Marijuana Investigations for Neuroscientific Discovery (MIND) program of the McLean Hospital discovered through longitudinal observational studies that medical marijuana patients showed improved performances in cognitive tasks that required them to use executive functioning.
“Rather than getting worse, they’re actually getting better,” explained Gruber. Gruber and her team are focused on analyzing the impact of cannabis and its impact on cognition, function, quality of life, and brain structure. According to her, this can be attributed to patients who can think more clearly since since their symptoms have been alleviated due to medical marijuana use. However, earlier cannabis use, or regular consumption before the age of 16, is still never recommended because this has been found to severely affect cognitive development and performance later on.
Another study, whose findings were presented at the 2018 annual Society for Neuroscience Meeting, found that animal subjects with Alzheimer’s disease, who were treated with THC, showed significant improvemnets in memory and even lost less brain cells compared to those that weren’t. This could be revolutionary if a breakthrough memory or Alzheimer’s medicine could be developed, which included THC.
Conclusion
In short, the viral study claiming that marijuana can affect your memory should be taken with a grain of salt. It’s just one of many studies backing up the fact that weed will always affect people differently, given that there are already several other studies backing up the use of cannabis to improve cognition – even among medical marijuana users who suffer from physical ailments.
Cannabis certainly does offer neuroprotective benefits for the brain, and it can aid with other cognitive functions including creativity, sleep, reduction in anxiety, and much more. We must still remember that even with studies proving this, cannabis use during adolescence should be prohibited and keep in mind that individual variability will always play a role in the outcome.
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Cannabis News
Chairman of High Times Pleads Guilty to $20 Million in Securities Fraud, Then Decides to Change His Guilty Plea?
Published
4 days agoon
February 14, 2025By
admin
In a significant development within the cannabis industry, Adam Levin, the chairman of Hightimes Holding Corp., has agreed to plead guilty to conspiracy charges related to a scheme involving undisclosed payments made to an investment analyst. Or is he? Adam plans to change his guilty plea in a new court proceeding that is coming up. So what gives?
Th original scheme aimed to promote Hightimes’ securities offering, raising serious questions about transparency and ethical practices in the burgeoning cannabis market. As the industry continues to navigate regulatory challenges and public scrutiny, this case highlights the complexities and potential pitfalls that companies face as they seek to capitalize on the growing acceptance of cannabis.
Background on Hightimes Holding Corp.
Hightimes Holding Corp., the parent company of the iconic cannabis culture brand High Times, has been a prominent player in the cannabis industry since its inception. Founded in 1974, High Times has long been associated with cannabis advocacy, culture, and education. Over the years, it has evolved into a multimedia company encompassing print publications, events, and digital platforms focused on cannabis.
In recent years, as legalization efforts gained momentum across various states in the U.S., Hightimes sought to capitalize on this trend by transitioning into a publicly traded entity. In 2020, the company announced its intention to go public through a reverse merger with a publicly traded shell company. This move was seen as a way for Hightimes to access capital markets and fund its expansion initiatives.
However, the journey has not been without its challenges. The company has faced various legal and financial hurdles, including allegations of fraud and operational mismanagement that ultimately led to its receivership in 2024. These issues have raised concerns among investors regarding the company’s governance and financial practices.
The Scheme Uncovered
The recent developments surrounding Adam Levin center on allegations that he participated in a scheme to make undisclosed payments to an investment analyst who promoted Hightimes’ securities offering. According to court documents filed on December 20, 2024, Levin agreed to plead guilty to conspiracy charges related to this arrangement.
The scheme reportedly involved over $150,000 in payments made to the analyst as part of an effort to artificially inflate investor interest in Hightimes’ stock. By compensating the analyst for favorable coverage without disclosing these payments, Levin and others involved sought to create a misleading impression of demand for the company’s securities. This lack of transparency is particularly concerning given the regulatory environment surrounding securities offerings, which mandates full disclosure of any compensation arrangements that could influence an analyst’s recommendations.
The Investigation into this scheme was initiated by both the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), highlighting a broader scrutiny of practices within the cannabis industry. As more companies enter this rapidly evolving market, regulators are increasingly vigilant about ensuring compliance with securities laws and protecting investors from potential fraud.
## Legal Consequences
As part of his plea agreement, Adam Levin is set to appear in court on January 17, 2025. He faces a potential maximum sentence of five years in federal prison for his role in the conspiracy. The plea agreement indicates that Levin is cooperating with authorities as they continue their investigation into Hightimes and its business practices.
The legal ramifications extend beyond Levin himself; they also raise questions about corporate governance within Hightimes Holding Corp. The company’s board of directors will likely face increased scrutiny regarding their oversight responsibilities and whether they adequately monitored Levin’s actions.
In addition to potential criminal charges for individuals involved in such schemes, companies can also face civil penalties from regulatory agencies like the SEC. These penalties can include fines, disgorgement of profits obtained through fraudulent activities, and restrictions on future business operations.
Implications for Hightimes Holding Corp.
The fallout from Levin’s plea agreement is likely to have significant implications for Hightimes Holding Corp. The company has already been grappling with various challenges related to its financial stability and reputation within the industry. The revelation of this scheme adds another layer of complexity to an already precarious situation.
1. Investor Confidence
One immediate concern is how this development will affect investor confidence in Hightimes Holding Corp. Investors are increasingly cautious about putting their money into companies embroiled in legal controversies or allegations of fraud. Given that Hightimes has already faced scrutiny over its business practices, this latest revelation could deter potential investors from participating in future funding rounds or purchasing shares.
2. Regulatory Scrutiny
The ongoing investigation by federal authorities is likely to result in heightened regulatory scrutiny for Hightimes Holding Corp. Companies operating within the cannabis space must navigate a complex web of federal and state regulations; any indication of wrongdoing can lead regulators to take a closer look at a company’s operations. This increased scrutiny may result in further investigations or audits that could disrupt business operations and hinder growth prospects.
3. Reputation Damage
Hightimes has built its brand around cannabis culture and advocacy; however, allegations of unethical practices can tarnish its reputation among consumers and advocates alike. As public perception plays a crucial role in the success of cannabis companies, any damage done to Hightimes’ reputation could have long-lasting effects on its market position and ability to attract customers.
4. Operational Challenges
With Levin’s impending court appearance and potential sentencing looming over the company, operational challenges may arise as key leadership figures are embroiled in legal battles. Uncertainty regarding leadership stability can create internal disruptions that hinder decision-making processes essential for navigating an evolving market landscape.
Cannabis Industry Challenges
Levin’s case is not an isolated incident but rather part of broader challenges facing the cannabis industry as it matures. As more states legalize cannabis for medical or recreational use—leading some companies toward lucrative opportunities—regulatory compliance becomes increasingly critical.
1. Regulatory Landscape
The regulatory landscape surrounding cannabis remains complex due largely to its classification as a Schedule I substance under federal law despite legalization efforts at state levels. Companies must navigate differing regulations across jurisdictions while ensuring compliance with federal securities laws when seeking investments or going public.
2. Market Competition
As competition intensifies within the cannabis sector—both from established players like Hightimes and new entrants—companies face pressure not only regarding compliance but also profitability metrics that appeal directly toward investors seeking returns on their investments.
3. Public Perception
Public perception plays an essential role in shaping consumer behavior within emerging markets like cannabis; negative headlines can quickly sway opinions against brands perceived as engaging in unethical practices or lacking transparency—further complicating efforts toward building trust among consumers who prioritize ethical sourcing methods when choosing products they consume.
Conclusion
The case involving Adam Levin, chairman of Hightimes Holding Corp., underscores critical issues of transparency and ethical conduct within the cannabis industry, highlighting the potential legal and reputational repercussions that can arise from undisclosed financial arrangements. As Levin prepares to plead guilty to conspiracy charges related to undisclosed payments aimed at promoting the company’s securities offering, this incident serves as a cautionary tale for cannabis companies navigating the complexities of regulatory compliance and investor relations. The fallout from this case not only threatens Hightimes’ financial stability and investor confidence but also reflects broader challenges facing the industry as it matures, emphasizing the need for robust corporate governance and ethical practices to foster trust among consumers and investors alike. Ultimately, the developments surrounding Hightimes and Levin illustrate the delicate balance that cannabis companies must maintain between pursuing growth opportunities and adhering to legal and ethical standards in an increasingly scrutinized market.
HIGH TIMES DRAMA GALORE, READ ON…

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