In the world of horticultural lighting, especially in cannabis cultivation, efficiency is the efficiency with which electrical energy is converted into usable light for the plant. But there’s a lot more to it than just a number on a spec sheet. Efficiency affects energy costs, performance and ultimately profitability.
“Energy costs are rising worldwide. Between the increased demand for electric vehicles, data centers, AI infrastructure and the overall electrification grid, growers will continue to feel the pressure of higher electricity bills,” says Fluence’s Daniel Pilsworth. “Lighting and HVAC together make up the largest portion of a grow facility’s operating expenses. Therefore, every photon counts.”
From efficiency gains to intelligent system design A decade ago, the industry made the leap from high-pressure sodium (HPS) fixtures to LEDs. LEDs offered significant efficiency gains, reduced heat emission and improved environmental control. Growers can direct more power to productive light instead of waste heat, while easing the burden on HVAC systems. Over time, those first transitions led to significant savings, but the low-hanging fruit has already been reaped. “The diode technology inside LEDs has been refined tremendously, and the annual efficiency gains we once saw, 2-3% over a year, have slowed to 1% or less,” continues Daniel. “The industry has reached a plateau in raw diode efficiency. That shift has changed the conversation. It’s no longer just how efficient a single diode can be, but the entire system is designed to get the most out of every watt. The next leap in efficiency won’t come from the component level. It’s going to come from the way we apply light.”
The relationship between spectrum and efficiency Spectrum plays a major role in determining the efficiency of appliances. Red LEDs are inherently more efficient than white LEDs because they emit light directly, while white LEDs rely on phosphor coatings that absorb energy during the conversion process. A fixture with a high red content can achieve 3.5 µmol/J or more, while broad whites can be around 2.7 µmol/J. That said, a high-red environment isn’t always the best choice. “Excessive red light can make it difficult for workers to work in the room, and more importantly, it increases the risk of photobleaching, those ‘white tipped’ eyes that reduce the overall quality and market value of flowers. Photobleaching can be strain-dependent and can be influenced by other environmental factors. The goal is always balance.”
Balancing efficiency and capital constraints Cannabis remains a capital-constrained market. Because federal legalization has not yet occurred in the US, growers do not have access to the same low-cost financing as traditional agriculture. That makes every dollar of CapEx and OpEx count. “A higher-efficiency fixture carries a higher purchase price, so the right decision depends on your financial position, local energy rates, and available rebate programs. Some utilities directly tie incentive eligibility or payment value to the fixture’s efficiency, meaning higher-efficiency fixtures can offset much of the initial cost. In some cases, rebates can reach $1,000 or more. Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all answer for manufacturers. they must weigh it against long-term energy savings and incentive benefits.
Where will the next profits come from? As diode efficiency skyrockets, lighting manufacturers are innovating elsewhere—how to deliver light, where to deliver it, and when. “At Fluence, our research program has been focused on optimizing the spectrum, intensity and placement of light to reduce energy use while improving performance and quality,” said Daniel. “Dynamic and tunable lighting is one of the most promising tools. By adjusting the spectral composition throughout the plant’s growth cycle, growers can use more red when it’s safe and pull back when the crop becomes sensitive to photobleaching. Our new RAPTR 2 high-light incorporates this flexibility. Its tunable T48 spectrum allows growers to vary it from 40 to 80 percent. 3.5 µmol/J efficiency maintaining precise environmental control, we combine this technology with horticultural support, our science team works directly with growers to design lighting schedules that offer maximum energy savings and plant health.
Beyond the ball: The “red sandwich” strategy Another limitation of efficiency is under the canopy. “Our research has shown that downlighting provides much higher red content without the risk of photobleaching seen from overhead lighting. By splitting the photons, which we call our Red Sandwich Lighting Strategy, we can increase yield, uniformity and quality while further improving energy efficiency.
GeoCue welcomes MOST Robotics to its global distribution network. Based in Germany and serving customers throughout Germany, Austria and Switzerland, MOST Robotics will offer TrueView GO LiDAR solutions and LP360 software, from GeoCue, to surveying, construction, forestry, agricultural and industrial inspection professionals looking for a complete and reliable workflow from data capture to delivery.
Founded in 2021 by Valentin Möller and Lennart Stollberg, MOST Robotics builds on deep UAV experience since 2015, offering integrated turnkey drone and sensor solutions, supported by technical consulting and first-class customer support. Their team works closely with end users to ensure technology works in real-world conditions, from flight planning to endpoint cloud processing, a full-service company for individual solutions.
MOST Robotics is expanding its portfolio of handheld SLAM LiDAR and LP360 software to directly respond to customer needs, especially for projects where flight restrictions, dense vegetation or indoor environments make aerial collection difficult. With TrueView GO and LP360, customers can complement drone surveys with ground-based SLAM capture, process aerial LiDAR and produce high-quality photogrammetric output. This approach supports rapid and accurate classification of large data sets and the creation of highly accurate digital terrain models, helping to reduce office processing time while improving the final quality of delivery.
Valentin Möller, CEO of MOST Robotics, commented: “GeoCue makes UAV LiDAR and SLAM bridges in a way that matches how our customers work in the real world. We spend a lot of time in the field with customers, which gives us practical feedback and clear ideas on what needs to be improved. GeoCue is open to this kind of input, and we’re excited to help shape each of our customers’ missions.”
Samuel Flick, GeoCue’s European Sales Manager, added: “We are delighted to welcome MOST Robotics to the GeoCue distribution network. Their technical depth and customer-first approach make them a strong partner as we continue to grow the LiDAR market in Europe. We look forward to supporting their team as they expand access to the TrueView product line, including aerial, handheld and LiDAR 360 mobile device software.”
USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) recently issued regulatory status review responses for two new gene-edited hemp varieties, determining that they are not subject to federal regulation under 7 CFR part 340. Developed by researchers at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, these gene-edited plants have been found to have no increased risk of plant pests compared to conventional hemp. This federal clearance marks an important milestone in easing the path from laboratory to commercial cultivation of precision-bred industrial crops.
Badger PMR (Dust Resistant) has full dust resistance, and Badger Zero (Cannabinoid Free) is cannabinoid free. The main innovation involves the creation of hemp varieties that are unable to produce THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the psychoactive compound found in cannabis. Using CRISPR gene-editing technology to turn off specific genes responsible for THC production, the UW-Madison team has solved a major hurdle for the industry. This genetic certainty prevents crops from being “hot” — the term used when THC levels accidentally exceed the legal limit of 0.3 percent — which previously forced farmers to destroy entire fields to comply with federal law.
Beyond THC removal, researchers have also engineered varieties with higher concentrations of CBG (cannabigerol), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid valued for its potential therapeutic benefits. These advances are expected to stabilize the hemp market, providing growers with reliable, high-value and legal-compliant varieties. With the regulatory green light from the USDA, these precision-bred hemp lines are poised to revitalize the industry, providing a safer and more profitable future for farmers across the United States.
For more information: International Service for the Acquisition of Agricultural Biotechnology Applications Email: (email protected) isaaa.org/default.asp
Kentucky’s governor is urging lawmakers to give more patients legal access to medical marijuana, announcing that cannabis gummies can now be purchased at state-licensed dispensaries.
Gov. Andy Beshear (D) said Thursday that his administration has sent a letter urging legislative leadership to pass a bill that lists ALS, Parkinson’s disease, Crohn’s disease, sickle cell anemia, fibromyalgia, glaucoma, terminal illnesses and other conditions as conditions for medical cannabis.
“In most other states that have a medical marijuana program, these are conditions that are covered, and conditions that are deemed appropriate by our board of physicians and counselors,” he said. “Expanding the list could help the approximately 430,000 Kentuckians who currently lack access but face these challenges.”
The governor said state officials are “making great strides” in expanding the medical marijuana program to “increase access for those who are already eligible.”
“We currently have 510 registered professionals and over 18,500 approved cards, and those numbers continue to grow,” Beshear said, adding that regulators are making “steady progress” in accepting businesses at every step of the cannabis supply chain.
“As the supply chain expands, patients are starting to see more options online,” he said. “We can announce that gummies are on the market in Kentucky and showing progress in communities across Kentucky.”
The governor, who has long championed cannabis reform, he anticipated a market launch that monthwhile claiming that medical marijuana will help thousands of patients find an alternative to opioids for pain management.
Beshear previously acknowledged that “it’s taken longer than we would have liked” to sustain the industry since he signed off on legalizing medical marijuana in 2023.
Beshear announced separately that in May the state launched a new online directory that allows people to see where medicinal cannabis will open next to them
Meanwhile, the governors sent a letter to Kentucky’s congressional delegation last yearurging them to “take decisive action to protect the constitutional rights of our law-abiding medical cannabis patients” by repealing the federal ban on possession of firearms by marijuana users.
The federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) warned Kentucky residents that in 2024, if they choose to participate in the state’s medical marijuana program, they will be prohibited from buying or possessing firearms under federal law.
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