There are many ways to cultivate cannabis depending on the end goal. If you’re chasing large yields, then one method that may benefit your plants is low-stress training. If you don’t grow weed, you may be unfamiliar with this method; but luckily, there are experts that can give you advice on how to use it.
We connected with Brandon Alonzo, Director of Cultivation at The Flower Shop in Arizona, who uses low-stress training at various stages of cultivation.
Below, find out how you can apply this method to your own cannabis plants.
Low-stress training, called LST for short, is a cannabis cultivation method in which you train cannabis plants to grow horizontally instead of vertically.
By gently bending the plant stalks laterally, LST allows plants to receive equal light penetration and airflow to the lower parts of the branches, ultimately increasing the size of the lower buds and resulting in higher yields. This method can be employed indoors, outdoors, and in greenhouses.
Typically, plants receive the most direct light to the tops of the bush, which is why the top buds are so thick and hearty compared to the bottom buds — called “smalls” or “B buds.” Essentially, the more light that reaches the plants means more photosynthesis can occur, which results in bigger buds along each plant. In the end, it gives you more weed per harvest.
LST vs. topping: what’s the difference?
Low-stress training can be compared to high-stress training methods like topping, which removes the growing tips of plants. By removing the growing tips, plants take a bushier structure with extra side branching; however, this method may increase your harvest time since the plant has to recover from the stress.
According to Alonzo, topping a plant is better than LST, but LST still has its benefits. “Overall, in a commercial setting, ‘topping’ a plant to encourage side growth is far more superior than LST, solely based on how long it takes to get a plant trained properly,” he explained. “That said, LST has its benefits when it’s time to flower, whether you are growing in a space that’s 100,000 square feet or 100 square feet.”
So if topping is better, why and how does The Flower Shop use LST? “At The Flower Shop, we utilize the LST method with our mother plants to maximize the number of clones they can produce, while also doing some topping here and there. We also use the LST technique out in the flower room, unless it is a naturally short cultivar.”
Low-stress training clips are plastic clips that help bend the cannabis plant so that it may grow horizontally. They hold the plants in place gently so that plants can receive equal light on all parts.
For LST tools in general, the needs are pretty simple, as the gear you need doesn’t have to be top-of-the-line and expensive. Alonzo said, “You can take a simple, cheap route by just using plant tape and clips, maybe even some plant yo-yos here and there. It isn’t necessarily the quality of the equipment that’s needed, it’s the time and effort put forth to get the results you want.”
In the end, you truly just want clips, ties, and wires that are sturdy, durable, reusable, and cost-effective.
Best clips for training weed
With low-stress cannabis clips, you want to look for something cost-effective and durable that can be purchased in bulk. You want clips that will be gentle on your plants as the goal is low stress.
AirTech LSTclips help increase airflow and light penetration while also being great for tight spaces. The design allows for minimal contact with the plant, which encourages low stress and prevents breaks. These clips also have holes for using training ties and wires.
You can purchase them in a 30-piece quantity for only $15. They come in green, blue, and white.
BudClips
BudClips come in a 20-pack of yellow clips for $16. The website states that they last for 10+ years, so they’re reusable. You don’t need to use ties with the BudClips, which is why they don’t have holes like the AirTech LSTclips.
According to the BudClips website, “BudClips work by permanently bending your branches into position, opening up your canopy to more light exposure and airflow, and creating extra strong stalks.”
Best ties for training weed
Another way to low-stress train your cannabis is to use training ties. You basically bend the plant, then tie the branches down so they remain horizontal. It levels the canopy. Alonzo shared, “You want ties that are durable, cleanable, and cost-effective.” Pretty simple, right?
Telent Outdoors Soft Plant Ties
With Telent Outdoors’s plant ties, you receive 88 feet of training wire and 20 plant clips for less than $10. These wire ties are made of rubber, which will be easier on your plants than hard plastics or metal wires that can damage plant tissues.
The UM24 Plant Twist Ties
The Um24 Plant Twist Ties are already cut, versus the other wires you have to either break or cut off. They’re rubber cords that bend easily and are soft against plants.
These ties are also easy to cut with scissors or shears. The UM42 plant ties twist like bread bag ties, so they can be easily tightened, and/or untwisted to be reused. They come in a set of 40 pieces for under $10.
Best wire for training weed
Just like clips and ties, garden wires can be used to hold bent plants in place for low-stress cannabis training.“When it comes to wires,” said Alonzo, “they should have a rubber coating so you don’t cut into the branch. It is imperative that you perform LST in increments to minimize breakage.”
BudHuggers Low-Stress Training Wire
BudHuggers wires are super cheap and have a rubber coating that won’t cut your plants. According to the website, the rubber is super thin and can be hand washed and reused for up to five years. You can buy the BudHuggers training wire in 16-foot or 50-foot reels.
Care Home Soft Plant Wire
Care Home Soft Plant Wire is an affordable option for anyone wanting to use LST when growing cannabis. They’re rubber coated, which you understand is a priority at this point, and can be purchased on Amazon in a 164-foot length for a measly $21. This might be the best deal out of all the options listed above.
In the heart of California’s esteemed wine country lies Sonoma Hills Farm, where cannabis and hospitality intertwine.
Led by head grower Aaron Keefer, a former culinary gardener for the Thomas Keller Restaurant Group and The French Laundry, the farm combines cannabis cultivation with fragrant herbs, beautiful flowers, and fresh vegetables, bridging the worlds of fine dining and cannabis.
With weed, produce, and a wood-fired kitchen all in one place, it’s the perfect setting for connection and creativity.
Melding culinary arts and cannabis cultivation
Keefer’s journey to Sonoma Hills Farm was influenced by his passion for cannabis and the culinary arts. He was first exposed to cannabis cultivation at 15 and spent the following years honing his knowledge for growing it.
“When you taste it, you realize we co-evolve with these plants, and if it tastes better, it is better.”
— Aaron Keefer, Vice President of Cannabis Cultivation and Production at Sonoma Hills Farm
His experience in Michelin-starred restaurants came after he graduated culinary school, “I attended the Culinary Institute of America in New York. At that point, everything I was cooking with was sourced from the Bay Area. I decided to pay a visit, and once I arrived here, I knew I would never leave. It’s simply the best place to be,” he shared.
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsAaron Keefer, professional chef and Head Grower at Sonoma Hills Farm
While Keefer had been growing cannabis since he was 15, he didn’t start consuming it until he reached his 20s, which is also when he began incorporating cannabis into his culinary creations.
“The experience that I bring from the culinary side, particularly from my time in three-star Michelin restaurants, is that you’re pursuing one thing: flavor,” he said. “Even if the appearance is a little unconventional, you’re pursuing the actual flavor because that’s where the magic lies. When you taste it, you realize we co-evolve with these plants, and if it tastes better, it is better.”
Sonoma Hills Farm currently hosts private dinners paired with its sun-grown craft cannabis. There, you can taste decadent creations from Michelin-star chefs serving dishes made from organic vegetables grown right on the farm.
But instead of mixing the cannabis directly into the food — which can be tricky with exact dosing and timing — Keefer’s approach is to create a unique journey of flavors and sensations. He pairs different cannabis strains with each course, starting with lighter strains for appetizers and moving on to heavier ones for the main dishes. The intention is to reach a balance of flavors alongside a gradual high, and when it comes to partaking during the meal, guests can choose their own adventure.
Keefer provides individual pipes and pre-filled Zenco cups filled with rosin, which adds a touch of abundance and sophistication to the entire experience.
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsRosin rich with terpenes is provided to dinner guests
As he combines cannabis with culinary excellence, Keefer envisions the farm as a kind of playground for chefs and enthusiasts. He dreams of having cannabis and wine pairings in the future, taking the dining event to a whole new level, though regulations are holding back those plans for now.
How Sonoma Hills Farm’s unique environment affects the cannabis
“We’re committed to preserving that flavor all the way through,” said Keefer, “Here, the wind really works the plant over, pushing out more exudates, terpenes, and oils. Then, our cool soil keeps those terpenes locked in, and we never really experience temperatures hot enough to lose that flavor. It’s a true representation of ‘Ocean Grown.'”
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsAlong with cannabis, Sonoma Hills Farm grows flowers and organic vegetables
The influence of ocean winds and regular fog creates a distinct seasonal terroir at Sonoma Hills. While challenges like elevated humidity are present, and why the farmers are extremely vigilant in selecting mold-resistant cultivars, they still contribute to nurturing robust terpenes and intricate flavors from the cannabis plants.
Weed officially became legal in Minnesota on August 1, 2023, and it’s now the 23rd state to legalize cannabis for adult use.
And while the majority of Minnesotans had been ready for legal cannabis for some time, achieving legalization in a no-ballot purple state required a consistent and concerted effort from a swath of legislators, stakeholders, and advocates.
Two of these advocates, Leili Fatehi and Laura Monn Ginsburg, worked for four years to bring Minnesota into the modern era of cannabis consumption, executing a big-picture strategy that ultimately helped Democrats secure a political trifecta, ushered in an era of downright legislative hustle, and finally ended cannabis prohibition in the North Star state.
Cannabis advocacy in Minnesota
When Fatehi and Monn Ginsberg came together as legalization advocates in 2019, “no one thought that Minnesota was going to be legalizing anytime in the near future,” said Fatehi.
Minnesota does not allow ballot initiatives, meaning that legalization must come through the legislature. With a divided House and Senate, cannabis legalization was not on anyone’s agenda or radar — even within the Democratic party. “It wasn’t an issue that was on the party platform,” she said, “It was considered a third rail issue that the party didn’t want to touch.”
Courtesy of Leili FatehiLeili Fatehi, cannabis advocate
But having worked in political circles through their public affairs and political consulting firm Apparatus, Fatehi and Monn Ginsberg saw something different. “We were at an election party,” shared Fatehi, “and as I’m looking around, I see senator so-and-so smoking a joint, and there’s a council member, and there’s another prominent political figure.”
Seeing that several politicians felt comfortable consuming cannabis in the open while others were incarcerated for it led to the realization that, while the state had a long tradition of grassroots advocacy, something was missing: a grasstops approach. From there came the creation of the advocacy group Minnesotans for Responsible Marijuana Regulation (MRMR), whose efforts focused on promoting legislative leadership on cannabis legalization.
Gina Coleman/Weedmaps
Working alongside other pro-legalization groups such as Minnesota NORML and Sensible Change for Minnesota, and under the snappy campaign slogan “MN Is Ready,” they got their first big win in 2021 when House Majority Leader Ryan Winkler agreed to take up the issue and gained House approval on the comprehensive legalization bill HF 600 — a first-ever in the state.
“With that win, now [legalization] was definitively a Democratic position,” said Fatehi. “There was political support behind it, and there was a consolidated bill.”
Navigating the House and Senate on the path to legalization
Despite getting HF 600 to pass in Minnesota’s House and making legalization a priority for Democrats, a significant hurdle remained, “We had a divided legislature. Senate Republicans wouldn’t even give this stuff a hearing,” said Fatehi.
A diverse and growing group of policy stakeholders came together under the umbrella of the MN Is Ready coalition, including industry members, labor unions, and community representatives, among others, and set up a political action committee (PAC), turning their focus to the electorate and November 2022 midterm elections.
Tony Webster/Wikimedia CommonsCannabis advocacy at a past Twin Cities Pride parade
“We did the kind of work that PACs do in those swing districts, where there were third-party candidates, and we knew they could cost a Democratic seat,” said Fatehi. “It was instrumental towards getting a pro-legalization majority, meaning democratic control in both chambers of the legislature, which no one expected.”
In January 2023, Democrats officially took control of the House and Senate for the first time since 2014, giving the party a political trifecta and an emboldened attitude toward getting things done. The state has now become a powerhouse for progressive legislation, with cannabis legalization as the cherry on top of a long list of accomplishments.
The makings of a cannabis legalization bill
Before cannabis legalization could be passed, a bill had to be written. And given that Democrats had enjoyed only one other trifecta in the last 30 years, the general party ethos had become “LFG” — Let’s F–king Go.
“The last thing you want to do is assume that passing good legislation means that it’s going to lead to good outcomes.”
— Laura Monn Ginsburg
“So then we had to do this last push, which was to build the external infrastructure to help the legislature to be able, in a very short period, to put together a really good bill and pass it,” said Fatehi.
The process may have been relatively quick, but it involved hundreds of hours of working group sessions and public hearings to help legislators put together the policy provisions that went into the bill. “By virtue of having to go through so many committee stops, we had some really thorough conversations,” said Monn Ginsburg, including everything from wastewater runoff to impacts on schools and students. By delving into the finer details, they could craft a piece of legislation that Fatehi and Monn Ginsburg felt was uniquely Minnesotan.
Courtesy of Laura Monn GinsburgLaura Monn Ginsburg, cannabis advocate
“That’s something I feel was special about the process we went through; we really talked through it,” said Monn Ginsburg. “We had some substantive conversations with twenty-plus committees throughout the Minnesota legislature about every nook and cranny of this bill.”
With minor differences between the House and Senate bills, both passed within the same week this past April. The reconciled bill was officially signed into law on May 30, 2023, by Governor Tim Walz.
Automatic expungement of all prior cannabis possession misdemeanors and petty misdemeanors is underway and will affect nearly 70,000 Minnesotans impacted by the war on drugs. The bill also created a panel to consider the expungement of prior gross misdemeanor and felony cases related to cannabis possession and sales.
Cannabis licensing unique to the Minnesota market
While other state’s cannabis laws helped inform the creation of Minnesota’s, their development came down to creating a collaborative vision for what would make sense for their own state. “We knew we wanted to be craft, we knew we wanted to keep multi-state operators (MSOs) out, and that we wanted it to be equitable,” said Fatehi.
With those guiding principles in mind, hundreds of hours were spent brainstorming different ways to set up the licensing model. “And that is what resulted in this unique model in the bill,” Fatehi explained, “We’re not capping the number of licenses — it’s based on canopy size and designed to create an environment to support local Minnesota businesses.”
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsCurrently, 14 different types of licenses are available to businesses looking to participate in the adult-use and medical cannabis markets.
One of the ways the bill will help protect the Minnesotan market, at least initially, is through its unique licensing structure. “We spent a lot of time thinking through how these different pieces are going to work together,” said Fatehi.
As it stands, 14 different types of licenses are available to businesses looking to participate in the adult-use and medical cannabis markets, and they can be combined to support various business structures or activities, aiming to provide local businesses with flexibility as the market grows and evolves. For example, a retail license holder can also hold a cannabis delivery service license, a medical cannabis retailer license, and a cannabis event organizer license.
Additionally, communities disproportionately impacted by prohibition will be prioritized for participation in the legal market. Social equity applicants, which may include people who live in low-income communities, have been previously convicted of a cannabis possession or sales offense, and veterans discharged over a cannabis offense, among others, will be given priority in licensing along with grants to help with startup costs and technical training.
Building on the foundations of the current hemp market
The state’s low-dose hemp market fills another uniquely Minnesotan piece to the legalization puzzle. While Fatehi and Monn Ginsburg were busy rallying Democratic support for the midterm elections, in May 2022, Minnesota made a bold and unexpected move that could set the state up for success when legal cannabis finally comes online.
“On the eve of the adult-use market opening up, these businesses are capitalized.”
— Leili Fatehi
Passed as part of an omnibus health care bill, the groundbreaking law — HF 3595 — legalized hemp-derived Delta-8, CBD, and low-dose THC edibles and beverages. And while jokes ensued when local GOP members were confused about the bill’s ramifications, Democrats insisted the intentions were clear.
“It wasn’t an accident. It was very much intentional,” said Fatehi. “When we created that marketplace for hemp-derived THC edible products, it created an opportunity for our local businesses to begin making these products, building out their supply chains, getting their brand out there, building customer loyalty, and developing relationships with local policymakers.”
Minnesota’s low-dose hemp-derived THC market has been booming, with sales in July 2023 reaching nearly $6 million. These products are available in mainstream retail outlets largely prohibited in recreational and medical cannabis markets, such as restaurants and grocery, convenience, and liquor stores.
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsMinnesota’s low-dose hemp-derived THC market has been booming, with sales in July 2023 reaching nearly $6 million.
“On the eve of the adult-use market opening up, these businesses are capitalized; they already have cannabis businesses. They’re competitive, not just in terms of getting a license [for adult use], but for being successful after that. The entire competitive landscape is different, and the consumer expectations are different as well,” said Fatehi.
What’s next for Minnesota’s legal weed market
When cannabis became officially legal in Minnesota on August 1, 2023, Minnesotans were allowed:
With the work of legalization behind them, Monn Ginsburg and Fatehi are shifting their focus to supporting the fledgling market “because the last thing you want to do is assume that passing good legislation means that it’s going to lead to good outcomes,” said Monn Ginsburg.
They’ve now launched the Minnesota Cannabis Resource Center (MCRC), which is a public benefit corporation that will operate as a “think/do” tank centered on advancing a safe, equitable, and sustainable industry through its support to legislators, regulators, and industry as the market is developed and launched.
The duo also runs Blunt Strategies, a cannabis-focused public affairs and strategic consultancy whose primary focus is supporting local businesses, ensuring they have the tools, resources, and skill sets they need to thrive.
“We helped pass the law to look this way,” said Fatehi. “It’s both our pleasure and our obligation to now make sure that these businesses are set up for success.”
When we talk about strawberry strains — and there are many — there are two distinct genetic rabbit holes to tumble down. One winds through strawberry fields of upstate NY, and the other originates in the Netherlands.
And frankly, if you’re a sucker for strawberry strains, they’re both worth the nose dive.
Why do some strains smell like strawberries?
Strawberry hybrids typically share genetics with one of two foundational cultivars: Strawberry Fields or Strawberry. Though developed half a world away from each other, these two popular parents share a distinct terpene profile notable for more than just a fragrant stank. Strawberry strains synthesize myrcene’s earthiness, pinene’s freshness, and terpinolene’s funky fruit essences to create a distinctly bright, marshmallow-sweet aroma commonly associated with strawberry strains.
Weedmaps
If you’re aching for strawberry season, but it’s too far gone, try one of these eight strains to occupy your taste buds until the real deal ripens up again.
Strawberry
Cultivated under a Dutch veil of secrecy, Strawberry’s genetic origins are unknown, and its effects are reportedly diametrically opposed to the similarly popular Strawberry Fields. Rather than its cousin’s relaxation, Strawberry’s effects are electric, uplifting, and energetic.
Reported by recreational consumers as having dynamic daytime effects, therapeutic consumers include that it delivers relief from chronic fatigue, eye pressure, and chronic pain. It’s understandable how Strawberry became both an attractive parent strain and a popular cultivar on her own.
Expect a spicy strawberry aroma and a chemical, berry-sweet exhale.
Strawberry Fields
Strawberry Fields has admittedly always been a popular handle among growers and cultivators. However, a singular strain cultivated in the upper reaches of the Adirondacks rises to the top as a genetic cornerstone for many of the strawberry phenotypes lining shelves today.
The lore surrounding this phenotype is that it was grown in the shade of neighboring strawberry fields, which masked the skunky odor of the cultivar and co-mingled fertilization between the two crops. The result is what is now the big daddy of most strawberry phenotypes, delivering heavy, relaxing effects well-suited and reported by patients for chronic pain and insomnia.
Expect a brisk strawberry funk perfume and a grassy, tart exhale.
Strawberry Cough
Bred from Strawberry Fields and classic Haze, this perky cultivar is reportedly a stellar go-to for active daytime consumers who prefer an untempered blast of electric motivation.
Gina Coleman/WeedmapsStrawberry Cough shatter
Fans report chatty, clear-headed highs that can propel them through otherwise draining activities like chores or errands. Some also describe effects that come on after prolific coughing sessions, so if you’re smoking or vaping, expect a hearty dose of bronchodilation to precede an otherwise swooning onset.
Expect to cough up several strawberry-scented clouds.
Strawberry Haze
Sometimes referred to as “Arjan’s Strawberry Haze” for its original creator, Arjan Roskam, Strawberry Haze is an unexpected cross of Northern Lights, Swiss Sativa, and an unknown Haze phenotype. While not necessarily existing in the same genetic web as cultivars bred from Strawberry Fields or Strawberry, Strawberry Haze shares many of the same characteristics, namely a sweet, berry perfume provided by the familiar terpenes myrcene and pinene.
Consumers report balanced effects that deliver both soothing relaxation and increased sociability.
Expect a rich perfume and a sweet, grassy exhale.
Strawberry Glue
Strawberry Glue is a semi-rare cross of Strawberry Diesel and GG4 that marries the most attractive effects of both parents.
Recreational consumers report deeply anchored body highs and cognitive effects that propel them into euphoric oblivion. Therapeutic consumers describe relief from chronic pain and spasms.
Average THC percentages regularly top 25%, so novice smokers proceed with caution. Expect a spicy strawberry-gasoline aroma and a funky exhale with lingering berry notes.
Strawberry Diesel
Strawberry Diesel reportedly expresses the most charming genetics of her parent strains without veering too far into either territory. Bred from Strawberry Cough and NYC Diesel, this genetically balanced hybrid delivers a calming, head-clearing high and a bouncy, mild energy.
Novice consumers note: this cultivar can spin newbies into a dry-mouthed paranoia. Toke with caution. Therapeutic consumers report relief from appetite loss, chronic pain, and anxiety.
Expect a sweet, gassy funk and commensurate exhale.
Strawberry Bliss
Depending on who you ask, Strawberry Bliss is either a cross of Strawberry and Bubble Gum or another phenotype spun by Strawberry and Strawberry Fields, then mixed with Dutch Cheeseberry.
Regardless of origin, consumers report mental euphoria and uplifting body highs. Bonus: A lower THC percentage keeps this cultivar uniquely accessible while still delivering jubilant effects. You can usually find it at under 20% THC.
Expect a funky cheese perfume and a cheesy, berry-sweet exhale.
Strawberry Nightmare
A balanced cultivar for Strawberry fans, Strawberry Nightmare, despite a polarizing name, reportedly delivers a blissfully social, energetic high. Bred from Strawberry Cough and White Nightmare, Strawberry Nightmare is described by many as rapturously euphoric, a definite highlight for established high-tolerance smokers. Therapeutic consumers report relief from chronic pain and depression.
Expect a pungent, earthy aroma and a strawberry-sweet exhale.
