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What Happened to Hemp? – Canna Law Blog™

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Last week, a LinkedIn post by cannabis economist Beau Whitney caught my eye, because Beau said something pretty amazing. He said: “licensed acres in hemp are at pre-farm bill levels.”

Could that be true? Before the 2018 Farm Bill, only a few states ran limited “research” pilot programs for hemp. I did my best to confirm Beau’s statement and was reminded of how challenging it has always been to aggregate data in this space. But, take a look:

  • The USDA 2022 National Hemp Report, at page 1, indicates that all industrial hemp “in the open” totaled 28,314 acres. This includes hemp grown for flower/CBD, grain, fiber or seed. The report mentions another 105 acres (my math) grown “under protection.”
  • This USDA study, figure 2, page 4, shows states reporting nearly 30,000 total hemp acres “licensed or approved” for cultivation in 2017. It doesn’t appear that much of this was greenhouse acreage, and I presume it includes hemp cultivated for all uses.

The study with 2017 data contains a disclaimer that “not all States reported data on the same basis.” Also, the 2017 data includes acreage for “approved” and not exclusively “cultivated”, hemp. I could note a few other things, but you get the idea: it seems awfully close. Maybe there really were more licensed hemp acres in 2017 than today.

Farm Bill hemp has followed a dizzying arc. Before the 2018 Farm Bill, hardly anything happened with the crop; and even then it was fits and starts. After the 2018 Farm Bill passed, though, the gold rush commenced. We formed a bunch of companies for growers here in Oregon, for example, structuring investments, buying and selling farmland, etc. The whole thing crashed following the 2019 growing season, and a spate of lawsuits ran through the office. Today, almost no one seems to be growing hemp.

People are still selling hemp-derived products, though. Many of them are in the legally problematic CBD food and beverage space. But there are also oils, tinctures, capsules, lotions, creams, smokables, and miscellaneous categories (like pillows!). Many of those cannabinoid products are now made from legacy U.S. distillate, or from imported hemp. (If you’re interested on the legality of all of these products, check out our massive hemp/CBD archive here).

So what happened? This is something that’s been talked about extensively. The common culprit is the “CBD bubble”, but in my opinion there’s so much more going on. Mini hit list below.

Bad policy and the new cannabinoids markets

It always starts with policy. And here’s the fundamental problem, in my opinion: hemp and marijuana are the same plant, albeit with different levels of THC. But Congress is trying to regulate that plant in profoundly different ways, under statutes tethered by the most tenuous, definitional threads. Further, federal agencies are often out of step with each other and with states. And states have taken any number of approaches— not just on the THC side, but also with hemp-derived food, beverages and other products.

The legal rubric is positively Kafkaesque, starting at the federal level. Pursuant to the 2018 Farm Bill, when a cannabis plant tests at or below 0.3% delta-9 THC on a dry weight basis, it’s legally classified as “hemp.” When it tests above that threshold, it’s legally classified as “marijuana.” When it’s a seed of a marijuana plant, though, it’s probably “hemp” again. I said “probably”. Got it? It might not matter anyway, because this could change again this fall (more on that below).

Until then, there’s more– especially when we’re talking about anything beyond plants in their vegetative state. When hemp is processed for intoxicating effects (e.g. Delta-8 and Delta-10 THC products), the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals said: those products may be OK; that’s “lawful use in commerce.” But while you’re processing that hemp you may be committing felonies!, says DEA. The D.C. Court of Appeals agreed. From FDA’s perspective, many (but not all) CBD products violate the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; as do other cannabinoid products (at least sometimes). Not that the FDA will do much about it.

Clearly, change is needed here. Marijuana and hemp should be regulated under a common rubric. This means that hemp legislation should be crafted with “marijuana” and hemp-derived products in mind. As it stands, due to loopholes – real and perceived – arising out of the 2018 Farm Bill, we’re left with an unwieldy, unregulated cannabinoids market. Meanwhile, the fiber and grain markets anticipated by Congress in 2018 have fizzled.

Waiting on the fiber and grain markets

Several commentators have noted an increased demand for hempcrete, animal feed and plastics. Yet, a disconnect exists between fiber and grain farmers, on the one hand, and manufacturers, on the other. This stems from the fact that hemp grown for fiber and grain isn’t exempt from the cumbersome Farm Bill testing provisions, which require these utilitarian crops to undergo THC testing. It’s just too much cost, bureaucracy and exposure for many farmers who could be growing other crops.

Low crop outputs give rise to light manufacturing capacity, regardless of any increased consumer demand. I don’t see this changing until the THC testing requirements are relaxed or removed. Ironically, intoxicant testing hasn’t hurt the “intoxicating new cannabinoids” market– it has only hurt farmers and industrial capacity. Also ironically, as industrial hemp production declines, U.S. hemp imports have increased annually. The 2018 Farm Bill was supposed to reverse that.

What happens next in U.S. hemp policy

The good news is the Farm Bill is renewed every five years. This means Congress has another bite at the apple this fall. The bad news is the Farm Bill is renewed every five years; Congress has another bite at the apple this fall. Here are five of the big picture items on trade association and politician agendas, some of which have made it into proposed legislation:

  1. Increase the allowed THC limit. The target number here is always 1.0% Delta-9 THC, rather than the 0.3% we have today. We’ve been pushing this for years. But even if the THC limit increases, expect the “total THC” standard to remain, which means that actual Delta-9 THC won’t be the only metric for calculating THC content.
  2. Revisit provisions of the Farm Bill or interpretations of the Farm Bill pushed by the DEA, which currently make hemp processors susceptible to civil penalties and felony charges for possession or transport of “hot hemp”, regardless of whether the THC limit is 0.3%, or 1.0%.
  3. Clarify that certain cannabinoids are legal, or not. Especially the ones that the Farm Bill accidentally legalized, or didn’t. This ties directly into marijuana policy, the Controlled Substances Act, and what DEA is thinking about.
  4. Jettison “in progress testing.” This would moot the problematic DEA rule referenced above, which was upheld by the D.C Court of Appeal. The 2023 Farm Bill should permit a temporary spike in THC levels, consistent with standard manufacturing processes and, you know, organic chemistry.
  5. Incentivize hemp farmers by creating a remediation protocol for “hot hemp.” As things stand, pre-harvest hemp that tests hot must be destroyed, even if it could be remediated. Considering that a lot of the hemp on the market is turned into extract, that’s a lot of money down the drain.

I do think we’ll see some of these changes in the 2023 Farm Bill, based on introduced legislation and the  failure of 2018 Farm Bill policy. The federal government doesn’t support this proliferation of intoxicating, hemp-derived products on offer at gas stations around the country — salable in many cases to minors — or the fact that the fiber and grain markets are stillborn.

Unfortunately, I don’t feel optimistic that Congress will view these issues with the wide-angle lens needed to shore up cannabis policy. The proposed bills I’ve reviewed seem limited in scope: for example, recently introducted HR 3775 would separate the fiber and grain markets from hemp grown for flower. That’s a good start, in theory. But we need more than a good start here. We need a wholistic U.S. policy for the cannabis plant.



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Does Cannabis Cure Postpartum Depression? One Mom Swears It Did the Trick for Her!

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Early pregnancy is rife with postpartum depression and other mood problems. We realize it’s an overstatement, but those first few days, weeks, and months are HARD. Sleep deprivation, aching, leaking, or engorged breasts… throw in mental health difficulties, and you have a recipe for total exhaustion.

 

Fortunately, there is less stigma associated with postpartum depression (PPD) than formerly. PPD is being discussed more frequently, and there is a better awareness of new parents’ symptoms and many remedies. Many moms are finding success with prioritizing rest, exercise, Vitamin D, and even using CBD to assist control anxiety when diagnosed and addressed early.

The Rise of CBD as a Postpartum Mood Disorder Remedy

Over the past few years, CBD has gained remarkable popularity as a remedy for addressing symptoms linked to postpartum mood disorders, such as anxiety, irritability, and insomnia. Additionally, it has shown promise in supporting the physical recovery process following childbirth.

 

Georgeana Ortiz, the founder of the CBD company Cerena, emphasizes, “CBD serves as an excellent gateway, beckoning you to step away from the turmoil within your mind and transition into a composed and collected state of being. Ultimately, CBD is a pivotal component in facilitating your journey to move beyond self-imposed barriers and return to a state of thriving rather than merely surviving.”

 

While both THC and CBD are cannabinoids, CBD has no hallucinogenic effects. In other words, it won’t get you high. When selecting a CBD product, search for a high-quality, full-spectrum oil tailored to your needs or symptoms. Cerena, for example, makes a full-spectrum, certified organic CBD oil called “Calma” that’s expressly intended to relieve stress and anxiety.

 

Natasha’s Journey: From Postpartum Depression to CBD Advocate

In a noteworthy case, a woman claims to have treated her postpartum depression using cannabis oil. Natasha Doran, 33, began dealing with her mental health issues after giving birth to her son, Isaac, now four, in May 2019.

 

Despite attempting therapy and medication, she experienced “no improvement” in her severe daily panic attacks. After contacting her general practitioner, engaging in online therapy, and commencing antidepressant treatment, she felt “worse than ever.”

 

By June 2020, her ability to leave the house had deteriorated, and she was grappling with debilitating insomnia. At the suggestion of a friend, Natasha decided to give CBD oil a chance and made her initial online purchase of a 10ml bottle for £60.

 

Cannabidiol, a chemical compound in cannabis with purported medical benefits, became her solution. She started by taking a daily drop under her tongue, and soon, she noted a significant alleviation of her anxiety and depression symptoms.

 

Just six months after incorporating CBD into her routine, Natasha found herself back at the gym, enjoying restful nights and free from panic attacks. She was so impressed by the positive impact of the hemp product that she decided to start her own company, which she named Hemp-Aid Limited, in November 2022, leading her to leave her previous role at a nursery.

 

In Moreton on the Wirral, Natasha reflected, “She couldn’t sleep, and leaving the house was daunting. There were moments when she felt utterly hopeless. Initially skeptical, she conducted thorough research on CBD before giving it a try, despite initial reservations from her family.”

 

“After several months of incorporating CBD into her daily routine, she felt a renewed sense of purpose. She eagerly reconnected with friends, resumed gym visits, and arranged playdates for her son. In essence, CBD gave her life back.”

 

Despite a smooth pregnancy, Natasha had a “traumatic” childbirth experience with her first son at Whiston Hospital in Prescot, Lancashire. Isaac was born with the umbilical cord wrapped around his neck, and the resulting C-section led to severe pain due to blood clots. Reflecting on this period, Natasha, a former nursery manager, confessed that she lost herself after the birth.

 

She reflected that the surgery left her in considerable pain, which wasn’t the most auspicious start to her journey into motherhood. Following a hospital stay that lasted a week, Natasha soon found herself in profound depression after returning home with her newborn.

 

In her own words, Natasha explained that she initially thought her feelings were typical for a new mother. However, when she lost all motivation to venture outside, she recognized something was amiss. She felt compelled to act when concerned about her son Isaac’s social development due to her isolation.

 

After enduring four years of disappointment with traditional treatments, she confided in her partner, who suggested experimenting with CBD oil. Describing her experience, Natasha recounted that the impact was immediate.

She felt an incredible sense of relaxation and tranquility. She regained control over her heart rate and thought patterns, which was one of the best periods of sleep she had experienced in a long time.

She abstained from alcohol, which significantly contributed to her relief from depression. She now enjoys a profound sense of health and fitness. “I’ve never been this committed to a healthy lifestyle. After several months of incorporating CBD into her daily routine, she extensively researched improving her overall well-being.”

 

She continues incorporating CBD oil into her daily regimen and has taken it further by establishing her own company, Hemp Aid Limited. Natasha expressed her motivation, saying, “The health benefits are remarkable. CBD cured her post-natal depression when she felt utterly hopeless, and now she aspires to provide the same relief to others.

 

According to the NHS website, “some products claiming to be medical cannabis, such as CBD oil or hemp oil, are legally available to buy as food supplements from health stores.” However, there is no guarantee that products are of high quality or give any health benefits.”

 

“There is insufficient scientific evidence to support the claim that CBD is an effective treatment for depression or anxiety,” according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America. That isn’t to say it wouldn’t help, but there haven’t been enough well-controlled clinical research to support CBD as a treatment for anxiety or depression.Much more research is needed to assess CBD as a potential therapy for anxiety and depression.”

Conclusion

While CBD has shown promise in addressing various health issues, including postpartum depression, it is important to approach its use cautiously. The quality and effectiveness of CBD products can vary, and there is still a need for more comprehensive scientific research and clinical trials to establish its efficacy as a treatment for these conditions. Individuals considering CBD for mental health concerns should consult with healthcare professionals and make informed decisions regarding its use.

 

CANNABIS FOR POSTPARTUM, READ ON…

MARIJUANA MOMS AND POSTPARTUM

CANNABIS MOMS AND POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION, WHAT THEY SAY NOW!



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Can You Mix Two Different Cannabis Strains Together and Smoke It? What Happens to Your High?

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While you’ve likely experienced smoking from a pipe or bowl with traces of a different weed strain, combining two strains isn’t typically the first choice for most people. The question is, can you deliberately craft distinct highs by combining different cannabis strains and experimenting like a scientist? Some individuals believe it’s possible, while others remain skeptical.

 

Blending different strains can enhance the renowned entourage effect of cannabis. This effect occurs when various components of cannabis synergize to create a potent high, surpassing the effects of consuming a single cannabinoid in isolation. The entourage effect leads many to argue that using just one cannabinoid for relaxation or therapeutic? What happens when you combine two cannabis strains isn’t as effective as consuming the entire plant, including its terpenes.

 

If you’re pursuing truly unique effects, mixing two strains can deliver just that, for better or worse. Nevertheless, it’s worth noting that combining strains isn’t overly complex. While the outcome might range from a powerful high to one that tucks you in for the night, especially when you’ve acquired high-quality cannabis, there’s generally no reason to anticipate adverse consequences.

The Entourage Effect

While further research is essential, the existing knowledge suggests that when you blend specific cannabinoids and terpenes tailored to your body’s needs, it can result in a synergistic phenomenon known as the Entourage Effect. This effect can offer a more complete cannabis experience compared to consuming isolated cannabinoids such as THC or CBD.

This phenomenon is rooted in the fact that each of us possesses our internal endocannabinoid system (ECS), with the prefix “endo” indicating its presence within the body.

 

By blending two or more varieties of cannabis, you expand your body’s and endocannabinoid system’s exposure to a broader array of cannabinoids and terpenes. In doing so, you potentially unlock the health benefits associated with these additional compounds.

The advantages of mixing strains extend beyond simply enhancing potential medicinal benefits. Even recreational users can employ the concept of strain mixing to regulate the potency and effects of their cannabis consumption.

 

As an example, suppose a potent strain yields unwanted effects when consumed. Blending it with a strain featuring lower THC levels and elevated cannabidiol (CBD) content can alleviate some of these undesirable outcomes. CBD achieves this by diminishing THC’s tendency to bind strongly to cannabinoid receptors within our endocannabinoid system (ECS), thereby assisting in reducing any adverse consequences that might arise from high-THC cannabis.

 

This is just one example of how the interplay between cannabinoids and terpenes with our ECS significantly influences the potency and effects of various cannabis strains. Consequently, this variation is why two individuals consuming the same strain may encounter distinctly divergent effects.

Mixing Strains of Weed

To create a mix of weed strains, often called a “weed salad,” the simplest approach is to grind your cannabis flowers and combine the two chosen strains. From there, various options open, including smoking, vaping, or crafting your cannabutter.

 

Now, let’s explore the more intricate aspect: determining the ideal blend for your needs. Should you combine an Indica with a Sativa? Is it acceptable to mix two Indicas or two Sativas? If you decide to mix Sativa and Indica strains, how should you balance the proportions of each? Can you blend older cannabis with fresher batches? What about combining high-THC cannabis with low-THC cannabis or CBD strains?

 

Given the many variables involved, here are some tips to note when mixing different cannabis strains;

Tip 1: Mix Weed with Similar Scents

You’re likely aware that the distinctive aroma of each cannabis strain is attributed to its terpenes. Additionally, you recognize that the fragrance of a cannabis flower can play a pivotal role in gauging whether its effects align with your body and endocannabinoid system. If a strain’s aroma doesn’t resonate with you, it might indicate that it’s not a suitable match for your system, and your overall experience may be less enjoyable.

 

Therefore, our initial advice is to combine strains with comparable, pleasant scents or scents that you believe would harmonize well. Conversely, a strain with an appealing aroma could indicate that it will likely complement your system.

 

If you are uncertain, you can begin by grinding and blending a small quantity. Afterward, taste it and decide if you wish to proceed with mixing a larger batch.

Tip 2: Mix Complement Flavours

For instance, consider combining a strain with a tea-like flavor with another boasting a lemon haze profile. This combination could deliver a refreshing and enjoyable session.

Alternatively, if you have a penchant for cheese strains, you might experiment by mixing cheesecake with strawberry cookies OG for a unique taste experience.

 

Keep in mind that the ideal cannabis blend varies from person to person. What provides an exceptional experience for you might be less enjoyable for someone else. Therefore, don’t hesitate to let your creativity run wild and concoct various strains with flavors that pique your interest. We recommend starting with a small blend to ensure it aligns with your preferences before proceeding with a larger mix.

 

Tip 3: Mix Strains With Similar Effects

This tip may well be the most important of all. A practical approach to blending cannabis strains is considering how each strain influences your mood and sensations.

For instance, if you acquire a strain that imparts an invigorating and mentally uplifting high but induces a slight sense of anxiety, you could mitigate any adverse effects by combining it with a more soothing strain.

 

Conversely, come across a strain that delivers a relaxing, full-body effect but tends to induce couch lock. Mix it with a strain that offers a gentle, uplifting sensation to counteract the couch lock effect.

 

A helpful guideline to remember is to refrain from mixing strains at opposite ends of the spectrum. A highly energizing and euphoric strain may not harmonize well with one that provides intense, full-bodied relaxation.

Conclusion

Before embarking on your strain mixing journey, consider this vital question: Are you aiming for an indica-like relaxation without an instant knockout? If so, consider pairing an Indica strain with a hybrid that can elevate your high into an enjoyable yet tranquil experience.

 

Lastly, exercise caution when combining two potent strains. Mixing two strains introduces you to an entirely novel experience, one that has the potential to yield a new, albeit unfavorable, high—the kind where you feel both hyperactive and simultaneously inclined to sleep for extended periods.

 

Begin with a measured approach, and don’t hesitate to seek guidance at your dispensary. Ultimately, the goal is to have an enjoyable time and explore new horizons.

 

MIXING STRAINS TO GET HIGHER? READ ON…

MIXING CANNABIS STRAINS

DOES MIXING CANNABIS STRAINS TOGETHER GET YOU HIGHER?



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More New York Cannabis Program Litigation: First Amendment Challenge to Third-Party Website Rules

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On September 18, 2023, a new lawsuit was filed by, inter alia, Leafly Holdings, Inc. (“Leafly”) against the New York State Office of Cannabis Management (“OCM”) and New York State Cannabis Control Board (the “Cannabis Control Board”).

The lawsuit

This legal proceeding involves a First Amendment and other challenges to certain regulations adopted by the Cannabis Control Board. The regulations, known as Resolution 2023-32, introduce new rules under Parts 123 and 124 of the Revised Adult-Use Cannabis Regulations, which significantly restrict the ability of New York dispensaries and consumers to use third-party websites that aggregate information about cannabis products. The petitioners, including Leafly, Stage One Cannabis, LLC (“Stage One Dispensary”), and Rosanna St. John, are seeking to have these regulations invalidated on the grounds that they are arbitrary, capricious, and in violation of both the United States Constitution and the New York Constitution. They are also requesting a temporary halt to the enforcement of these regulations until the legal proceedings are resolved.

The specific provisions being challenged are:

  1. The Third-Party Marketing Ban (9 N.Y.C.R.R. §§ 123.10(g)(21) and 124.5(a)), which restricts certain types of marketing by third-party websites.
  2. The Pricing Ban (9 N.Y.C.R.R. § 124.1(b)(5)(ii)), which imposes limitations on pricing information.
  3. The Third-Party Order Ban (9 N.Y.C.R.R. § 123.10(g)(23)), which restricts the ability to place orders through third-party websites.
  4. The Third-Party All-Licensee Listing Mandate (9 N.Y.C.R.R. § 124.1(b)(2)), which requires third-party websites to list all cannabis licensees.
  5. The Third-Party Distributor Listing Mandate (9 N.Y.C.R.R. § 124.1(c)(1)-(2)), which mandates the listing of third-party distributors.

The arguments

The petitioners argue that the Third-Party Marketing Ban and the Pricing Ban infringe upon free speech rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution and Article I, § 8 of the New York Constitution by limiting lawful commercial speech. They also claim that all the challenged regulations are arbitrary and capricious because they either conflict with New York’s Cannabis Law, lack a rational basis, or exceed the authority of the Cannabis Control Board.

What the plaintiffs want

Furthermore, the petitioners are requesting a temporary stay on the enforcement of these regulations, asserting that they are likely to succeed in their legal challenge and that they are facing irreparable harm due to the violation of their constitutional rights and potential business losses. They argue that maintaining the status quo is in the best interest of justice, and they urge the court to invalidate these regulations on the grounds of being arbitrary, capricious, irrational, and unconstitutional.

_____

This First Amendment challenge is just the latest litigation, unfortunately, in a program that has seen a number of misfires and delays. We will continue to monitor this lawsuit, while awaiting answers on fundamental issues that the Cannabis Control Board has inexplicably failed to address. Stay tuned to our New York coverage for more.



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