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10 Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis Traffic Study – Cannabis | Weed | Marijuana

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We have yet another study claiming that cannabis-related traffic injuries have increased since Canada legalized cannabis.

The research, published in JAMA Network Open, looked at cannabis and emergency room visits for traffic injuries between 2010 and 2021 in Ontario.

“Our data is raising concern about a growing problem of cannabis impairment and severe road injuries,” said lead author Dr. Daniel Myran. “Since 2010, there has been a very, very large increase in cannabis involvement and traffic injury visits in Ontario.”

But has there been? Or is this a case of increased reporting since legalization?

Let’s give Dr. Myran the benefit of the doubt. Let’s assume that cannabis-related traffic injuries have increased since legalization.

Does this study prove it? 

Not by a long shot. There are at least ten things wrong with this latest cannabis traffic study.

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis-Traffic Study

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis-Traffic Study

In scientific inquiry, the gold standard is randomized control trials (RCTs). An RCT establishes cause and effect. This latest cannabis traffic study was not an RCT.

10. Lack of Randomization

This observational study cannot establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between cannabis legalization and traffic injury ED visits. Without randomization, the researchers cannot rule out confounding variables.

Like, for example, whether legalization means people are more comfortable reporting their cannabis use. As opposed to before, if you’re in an emergency room for a traffic accident, no way in hell would you admit you were consuming illegal drugs right before the incident.

9. Causality in Cannabis Traffic Study

This study looks at different periods (pre-legalization, legalization before edibles, legalization “commercialization”) and changes in traffic injury ED visits. But, as mentioned, nowhere in the study do the authors establish a clear causal link.

Let’s reiterate that. You might have been given a different impression because of media headlines and quotes from the lead author. This study does not establish a causal link between cannabis legalization and increased ED visits.

They ignore entirely other factors, such as changes in enforcement and public awareness. These are two significant factors to consider. Law enforcement has far more tools to detect stoned drivers than they did before 2018. 

As well, busybodies who can’t yell at people for not wearing masks anymore have to focus their attention elsewhere. Narcing on suspected stoned drivers is one outlet. Even well-intentioned individuals might call the authorities if they believe a stoned driver is dangerous to themselves or others on the road.

8. Control Group 

This study uses alcohol-involved traffic injury ED visits as a control group. There are several problems with this. One, like the above problem, control groups may be influenced by external factors, such as changes in alcohol consumption patterns.

Two, without a genuinely inert control group, the authors cannot attribute changes solely to cannabis legalization. A control group is supposed to provide a baseline or reference point against which the researchers can compare the effects of an intervention (or exposure).

For this study’s control group to be helpful, researchers would need a control group that experiences no changes from cannabis legalization. Of course, that’s easier said than done. Hence, observational studies like this one use a “similar” control group. 

The idea is to control for as many variables as possible and adjust for confounding factors. While this approach may help researchers draw conclusions, it can’t establish causation. It does not justify some of the statements people make about this study.

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis Traffic Study

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis-Traffic Study

7. Data Sources Used in Cannabis Traffic Study

Like most studies, they rely on administrative and bureaucratic databases for their information. However, these databases can introduce biases and inaccuracies. From underreporting to misclassification. All of which affect the study’s validity.

For example, the study does not list which strains were more likely to “cause” traffic accidents. As well, what about the cannabinoid content? And how was some of this information collected? If I’m in a traffic accident, but there’s THC in my system from an edible I ate 48 hours before, will nurses check the “cannabis” box?

What if police find a bunch of CBD joints in my car, and I admit I was smoking before the accident? Do hospital admin staff know the differences between the various cannabinoids and their effects? Or is everything just lumped under “cannabis?” 

6. Ecological Fallacy

One of this study’s more egregious claims comes from concluding individual behaviour from population-level data. This is known as the ecological fallacy, where someone makes inferences about individuals based on group-level data.

The researchers of this study did not consider individual-level factors, attitudes, and behaviours related to cannabis consumption and driving. 

Depending on your philosophical worldview, methodological individualism is the only proper method of the social sciences, which makes this cannabis traffic study even more useless than it already was.

5. Temporal Confounding in Cannabis Traffic Study

This cannabis-traffic study links cannabis legalization to increases in traffic ED visits. However, some of their data is confounded by covid restrictions affecting mobility, traffic, and healthcare resources. In research circles, we call this temporal confounding.

One of the best (and most common) examples is the relationship between ice cream sales and drownings at a local beach. You can observe that as ice cream sales increase, so does the number of drownings.

Suppose you were one of the authors of this cannabis traffic study. You’d probably conclude that eating ice cream causes an increase in drownings. However, when you consider the seasons, you realize ice cream sales and beach drownings increase during summer.

It’s not ice cream causing drownings. It’s the weather driving both variables. Now, consider this cannabis traffic study.

The increase in cannabis-involved traffic injury ED visits occurred during the “commercialization” phase of legalization. But that also coincided with covid-19 (March 2020 to December 2021).

During the pandemic, people altered their travel patterns, work situations, relationships, and healthcare-seeking behaviours. These changes might have affected the likelihood of traffic injuries and the reporting of cannabis involvement.

Temporal confounding makes it impossible to attribute the observed increase solely to cannabis commercialization. Without considering the pandemic’s effects, the study overestimates the impact of cannabis commercialization on traffic injuries.

4. Limited Scope

This cannabis-traffic study focuses on associating cannabis legalization with traffic injury ED visits. It doesn’t delve into other factors, such as changes in road safety measures, increased construction, increased traffic, poor driver education, or public awareness campaigns.

It also doesn’t consider that substances, like cannabis or alcohol, are proximate causes of traffic injury ED visits. The ultimate cause is the road owner’s irresponsible road management.

Blaming cannabis is like blaming bullets for a mass shooting. You don’t blame the inanimate object. You condemn the conscious agent making the choice.

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis Traffic Study

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis-Traffic Study

3. Generalizability

This study is specific to Ontario, Canada. It may not apply to regions with different legalization policies and traffic regulations. 

2. Sample Size 

This cannabis traffic study and the media headlines are forgoing one crucial fact. Cannabis-involved traffic injury ED visits are rare. They represent 0.04% of all visits. Not only is this a non-issue, but the sample size is too limited for the researchers to make these false claims.

1. Ethical Considerations in Cannabis Traffic Study

As mentioned, this study relied on administrative and bureaucratic databases for their information. Databases that can introduce biases and inaccuracies.

But more so, using healthcare data without informed consent raises ethical concerns. If you’re concerned about the potential for privacy breaches, you should lie to your doctor or healthcare professional.

Don’t want your cannabis use to be a statistic in the latest reefer madness study? Lie to your doctor or healthcare professional.

Of course, this creates its own set of problems. This is why researchers should not be using this data without informed consent. 

And they certainly shouldn’t be drawing causal conclusions from observational research. 

Ten Things Wrong with the Latest Cannabis Traffic Study

Angry Nurse
Fun must be approved by your local public health authority

This cannabis traffic study may provide some insights into trends. But that’s all it would be. An observed trend that is limited by methodology and confounding factors.

So you can safely ignore the “475% increase in cannabis-related traffic accidents” headline making its way through the corporate press.

No causal relationship exists between cannabis legalization and cannabis-involved traffic injury ED visits in Ontario. Full stop.

However, discovering the truth was not the goal of this study. Like so much of modern “Science,” the goal is to influence policy. As the study concludes,

Our findings suggest that measures to control access to cannabis products and stores may help prevent cannabis involvement in traffic injuries.

In other words, our faulty study ignores the failure of road socialism. Instead, it suggests we’ll have to limit an already restricted cannabis market.

For your own good, of course.





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Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed – Cannabis | Weed | Marijuana

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What are the five cannabis stories you might have missed? Nowadays, it’s impossible to keep up with cannabis news stories across the world. Whether it’s banking reform and rescheduling in the United States, legalization in Europe or Thailand, or Canada’s experiment with corporate legalization.

Here are five cannabis stories you might have missed.

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

Suing Over Cannabis Rescheduling

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

U.S. Attorney Matthew Zorn is suing the Biden Administration over cannabis rescheduling, particularly over the secrecy of it all. If you missed this cannabis story, here are the details.

Last month, the U.S. Health and Human Services Department (HHS) sent a letter to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) suggesting they reschedule cannabis.

Currently, the U.S. government lists cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug, in the same category as heroin. The HHS letter suggests it should be a Schedule 3. Cannabis would still be a controlled substance but with fewer restrictions.

U.S. Attorney Matthew Zorn has filed an official complaint in the U.S. District Court. He says the letter “has become an item of public interest.” He has asked the court to force the Biden Administration to release “improperly held agency records.”

Zorn tried a Freedom of Information Act request but to no avail. HHS “has not produced the requested record” and “did not make a timely determination within 20 days,” the complaint alleges.

60% Higher Risk of Cardiovascular Problems Linked to “Cannabis Use Disorder”

Another day, another study finding an “association” between cannabis and something terrible. This time, it’s cardiovascular problems. You haven’t missed much if you missed this cannabis news story.

Here are some problems with the study:

Correlation is not Causation. Like most of these “cannabis is bad for you” studies, the researchers have merely made an association. Fortunately, this study explicitly states there is no causation. They simply found an association after controlling for variables. 

Confounding Variables. While the study adjusts for some variables, it says it cannot account for tobacco smoking due to data limitations. This is obviously a significant limitation.

Smoking cigarettes is a far more significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases than smoking cannabis.

Not being able to parse out this variable makes the study beyond useless. It’s literally disinformation. If you missed this cannabis news story, then you’re better off for it. 

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

Sampling Cannabis in British Columbia

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

You might have missed this cannabis story out of British Columbia, Canada.

After years of stigma and drug war propaganda, the British Columbia government is finally starting to loosen their cannabis rules and regulations.

Licensed producers can now provide samples for retailers. The Grow Up Conference and Expo was the first cannabis industry event to take advantage of the new rules.

Advocates say the new regulations will benefit the industry in several ways. Retailers will now be able to see the product they’re buying and sample it for their customers.

Unfortunately, retailers cannot provide samples to customers yet. But the industry is hopeful that it’s in the works. That’s undoubtedly a cannabis new story we wouldn’t want to miss.

Thailand To Reconsider Cannabis Decriminalization

You might have missed this vital cannabis news story: Thailand may re-criminalize cannabis.

Two years ago, Thailand became the first Asian country to decriminalize cannabis. But its government, led by Prime Minister Srettha Thavisin, has vowed to roll back cannabis legalization.

In an interview with Bloomberg Television in New York while attending the UN General Assembly, Srettah made clear that residents of the country will only be able to use cannabis for medical reasons.

“It’s just for medical reasons. We need to rewrite the law,” he said.

Current legislation has cannabis removed from a list of narcotics. Individuals are supposed to notify their local government if they want to cultivate plants at home. But so far, the government has not created any regulations regarding cultivation and sales. 

This regulatory vacuum has created a “free-for-all” industry much like the “wild-west” of British Columbia before Justin Trudeau’s corporate cannabis takeover.

While some estimated Thailand’s cannabis market may be worth nearly $2 billion, the new government ensures that money will remain in the black market.

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

SAFER Banking Almost a Reality

Five Cannabis Stories You Might Have Missed

We covered this one, but you might have missed this important cannabis news story.

Less than a week after being re-introduced, the SAFER Banking Act found approval by the Senate Banking Committee on September 27. The committee voted 14-9 to advance the legislation to the Senate floor.

The text of the new amendment is not yet available publicly. But give it enough time, and U.S. Attorney Matthew Zorn may sue to get the details released. 

But overall, thanks to this committee, the movement toward cannabis reform in the United States just got a shot in the arm.





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What is Vivek Ramaswamy’s Position on Cannabis? – Cannabis | Weed | Marijuana

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What is Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis? “You don’t hear me talk about the war on drugs. I’m not a war on drugs person,” Ramaswamy said when he appeared at a Free State Project event in New Hampshire last June.

Vivek Ramaswamy is an American entrepreneur seeking the Republican nomination to run for President of the United States.

Ramaswamy told the crowd he was “probably the only person in the modern history” of the Republican Party to talk about decriminalizing drugs for people with PTSD and other mental health problems.

Psychedelics,” he said specifically. “From ayahuasca to ketamine… That’s gotta be part of the solution.”

But what is Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis? He told Fox News:

We got to catch up with the times. It’s not a popular position in the Republican Party, but I’d just, again, I guess I’m going to speak the truth. Whether you vote for me or not is your choice. I think the time has come to decriminalize it.

Later, a spokesperson from his campaign said:

The current state-level ‘legalization‘ farce contributes to the culture of lawbreaking. It’s literally against the law. For us to pretend otherwise only undermines the rule of law in this country. For that reason, Vivek favors the federal legalization of marijuana.

What is Vivek Ramaswamy’s Position on Cannabis?

Vivek Ramaswamy's Position on Cannabis

What is Vivek Ramaswamy’s Position on Cannabis? Decriminalization or legalization? Once upon a time, those meant the same thing. And indeed, in America, this may still ring true.

Vivek isn’t shy about wanting to rule by executive fiat. Suppose he’s the next U.S. President and unilaterally deschedules cannabis. Not a rescheduling, a complete descheduling.

As far as the federal government is concerned – cannabis is not its business.

Is that decriminalization or legalization? For operators in legal states, it certainly helps their tax situation. And why would the financial system fear a plant the government has delisted as a controlled substance?

Is that legalization or decriminalization? Or are those terms synonymous?

If a Ramaswamy Administration removed cannabis from the Controlled Substances Act entirely, there would be a few implications.

Implications of De-Scheduling Cannabis

Opinion: Why did Cronos delay their year end filing?

Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis could empower state-level regulations. If the federal government takes a literal hands-off approach, you could argue that’s not legalization.

But is legalization ideal? Should Washington D.C. force states like Idaho to legalize? Suppose people in Idaho want to consume cannabis legally. There are 23 other states they can move to, including next-door neighbors.

Even if all 50 states legalized – isn’t it better to have local regulation of a competitive and complex modern industry? Think of the supply chain: cultivation, production, packaging, distribution, sales, marketing, and everything in between.

Do you want D.C. bureaucrats in charge of all that? Isn’t that how lobbyists capture the process and rig the rules against the little guys?

When The Feds Do Get Involved

Of course, some will argue Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis can’t be entirely hands-off. Somebody is going to have to regulate interstate commerce and international trade.

Imports and exports are federal jurisdiction and always have been. Of course, Vivek’s brand of governing may detest interstate regulation. A Ramaswamy Administration may create a free-for-all for all industries, not only cannabis.

One can hope.

And, of course, FDA bureaucrats will want to control aspects of cannabis, especially if it’s used in food products or marketed as a medical treatment. In a sense, descheduling and taking a hands-off approach empowers the existing bureaucracy.

But Vivek can use the stroke of the Presidential pen and tell the FDA to buzz off. Such is the state of the American “republic.”

Of course, if Vivek Ramaswamy becomes President, he won’t be able to decline the tax revenue. Who can, really? Except for maybe Ron Paul.

So, the federal government may tax cannabis. And so Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis matters a great deal. 

But there’s something else. And it involves Vivek’s policy on the Federal Reserve Bank.

Vivek Ramaswamy’s Position on Cannabis & Money Could Change the World 

Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis and money could change the world. And here’s how.

Experts must control money. That’s what the experts say. That’s why supply and demand don’t determine interest rates. You can’t trust free markets, they say. You need a central planning committee of experts.

But when the hell has that ever worked? This is not the 1920s, this is the 2020s. We have evidence of central planning, and the results are far worse than any of the theoretical excesses of free-market capitalism.

But suppose the experts are right about one thing. The price of money is too volatile to leave to a truly random process. That there should be a more market-based approach to price stability.

As in, leave it to the experts, but not the boardroom suits. Leave it to the people who are actually buying and selling in the market on a daily basis.

Like Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis, his proposal for the Federal Reserve is a breath of fresh air—a novel idea in an age of corporate-state shallowness.

What is a Government Gold Standard?

Vivek Ramaswamy's Position on Cannabis

A country on a gold standard exchanges its currency for gold at a fixed rate, say, $35 an ounce. And vice versa. So, if the market price of gold goes beyond $35, people bring in their dollars to exchange for gold.

This process means the number of dollars in circulation decreases, so the value of the dollar increases. This continues until the market price of gold is back to $35.

If the market price drops below $35, the same process works in reverse. Historically common, it’s not without its flaws. Governments tinker with the mechanism like a curious 12-year-old who takes apart the television to see how it works (and ends up breaking it in the process).

A gold standard keeps the value of the money constant relative to the market price of gold. Economists have all kinds of critics and rebuttals as to why that wouldn’t work today in the “modern” economy.

To their credit, relying on gold as the sole commodity backing the government currency does run into problems. Especially when governments are always trying to cheat the system.

Vivek Ramaswamy’s position on cannabis stems from listening to the people and the real experts (i.e. not “public health”). He is responding with the correct answers. He has – more or less – done the same with the subject of the Federal Reserve and the money.

What is a Commodity Bundle Standard?

Vivek Ramaswamy's Position on Cannabis

Vivek Ramaswamy should combine his positions on money and cannabis. 

Vivek wants a commodity bundle standard to help solve the problem of using government currency. In this system, the market defines the U.S. Dollar as a collection of commodities. This collection or bundle is valued by what’s in it.

For example, suppose you had one million dollars. You take it to the bank and demand your bundle. It could consist of a few pounds of gold and silver, but it’d mostly be a claim on commodities (i.e. 100 pounds of grade A beef, 10 barrels of crude oil, 1,000 board feet of lumber).

Likewise, anyone who brings in a bundle (the claim on commodities) gets a million dollars. This keeps the bundle’s price at a million dollars and, thus, a stable purchasing power, assuming nobody is messing with the bundle.

Vivek Ramaswamy’s Position on Cannabis & Money Could Change the World 

Vivek Ramaswamy could combine his positions on money and cannabis by including 1,000 pounds of industrial hemp biomass and 500 grams of premium-grade cannabis flower in the commodity bundle.

Regarding “changing the world,” you’ll have to refer to some of our past posts on the subject

The main takeaway: eliminating the elite’s ability to create money out of thin air and charge interest on it can only be construed as a step in the right direction. 

In fact, it’s the first step. 





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Regulating Cannabis like Fish – Cannabis | Weed | Marijuana

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Regulating cannabis like fish? Excuse me, what? According to Leah Heise, the cannabis industry can learn much from commercial fishing.

An accomplished cannabis exec, Leah’s been the CAO of Ascend Wellness Holdings, the CEO of Women Grow, CXO of 4Front Ventures and President of Chesapeake Integrated Health Institute.

While at Ascend, Leah focused on growing the business from 73 employees to more than 1300 in less than 18 months, taking the company from $19M in revenue in 2019 to a $1.6B market cap in 2021.

Leah is also a medical cannabis patient, having discovered the herb after being hospitalized over 35 times for pancreatitis.

Leah Heise is a cannabis expert. Her expertise is unparalleled, unlike the so-called “experts” in the media who spew drug war propaganda.

So when she says the cannabis industry has much to learn from commercial fisheries, our ears perk up.

Regulating cannabis like fish? Say what?

Regulating Cannabis from Stigma 

Regulating Cannabis like Fish
Leah Heise

Having experience in the regulatory landscape, Leah knows what’s working and what’s doomed to fail. And unfortunately, most legal states have been regulating cannabis from a position of stigma.

“We do everything by piecemeal, by litigation. It’s very costly to the system and there’s just a better, more streamlined way to do it,” says Leah. “And I think that potentially regulating it similar to a commercial fishing industry may be the way to do it.”

Of course, Leah points out that there are other options, and this is just one of many ideas. But, she says, “These regulators need to understand the things they are regulating.”

“They’re doing it from a place of stigma and lack of education,” Leah says. “We have to turn back one hundred years of stigma and propaganda.”

Whether it’s racial stigma or false beliefs that cannabis will rot your brain, Leah emphasizes education. From scientific papers proving cannabis’ efficacy to patient stories to studies that associate legal cannabis with fewer cases of domestic abuse and alcoholism.

“The industry and the plant need a rebrand,” says Leah. “It’s not Cheech and Chong. It’s everyone; it’s diverse. Anybody could be using this, from your great-grandmother to your child, depending on what they have. It’s not going to make their brains die or reduce IQ.”

Regulators Need Education

Simply put, the public (and many regulators) are uneducated on cannabis. Drug warriors amplify its alleged harms while marginalizing its medical and therapeutic benefits.

But how would regulating cannabis like fish help? Leah admits that if the feds get involved, a strong regulatory body needs to be created.

“Or just let the states do it,” she says. “We don’t necessarily need another layer on top.”

But suppose the federal government does step in and institute national cannabis regulations. What can we learn from the commercial fishing industry?

Regulating Cannabis like Fish

What can the cannabis industry learn from commercial fishing? How does one regulate cannabis like fish?

“Fisheries is a highly regulated industry,” says Leah. “Because the government’s trying to balance the interests of the environmental groups with the interest of the commercial fishing industry.”

Yes, they are separate products, but both are natural and come from the Earth. Likewise, generations of people work in the industry, whether it’s multiple generations of fishermen (and women). Or the legacy farmers in the cannabis industry (especially in black and brown communities).

With the commercial fishing industry, there’s the problem of overfishing. “In an effort to save the planet, and the fisheries themselves, the federal government has stepped in,” says Leah.

And she sees opportunities for the cannabis industry and its regulators to learn from the commercial fishing industry.

Commercial fishing regulators don’t regulate from a place of stigma. “I haven’t seen a single state,” says Leah, referring to legal cannabis states, “where there’s not a massive lawsuit. And even with Schedule III, there’s going to be lawsuits.”

Learning from the Commercial Fishing Industry

Leah prefers a more comprehensive way of regulating cannabis, which borrows from the successes of the commercial fishing industry.

“They design things called fishery management plans,” she says. “Scientists in the government will come forward and say, ‘okay we’re starting to see Atlantic sea scallops start to collapse. We’re seeing a decline in the number of new pollock. And we need to come up with a fishery management plan to work this.’”

Leah says the commercial fishing industry has councils with different stakeholders, from environmental groups to commercial industries to recreational groups.

“They come together to regulate themselves,” says Leah. “It speeds up the process and really eliminates a lot of the issues in terms of getting sued, because stakeholders at least feel like they have a voice.”

“Nobody walks away happy,” Leah adds. “Which is kind of what happens with any real decent negotation, right? Everybody’s giving a little.”

Leah thinks having a board of stakeholders would prevent things like canopy caps or taxing inside the supply chain. Things that ultimately hurt the industry and only empower illicit markets.

The problem, says Leah, is that current cannabis regulators “aren’t holistically looking to see what the impacts are,” of the various regulations they’ve instituted.

Regulating Cannabis like Fish – Unintended Consequences?

Regulating Cannabis like Fish

Is there any state already doing this? What are the odds D.C. will create cannabis regulations that embody the principles of the commercial fishing industry?

One of the biggest problems, says Leah, is the lack of money on the enforcement side. From her regulator days, Leah recalls:

We were handed often times very dense regulations to enforce. But we weren’t given the money that we needed to be given to it, to hire the people, and train the people we needed to actually enforce those regulations.

The result is cannabis operators openly flaunting the rules because paying the fines is sometimes cheaper than observing the regulations.

There’s also debate on how heavy cannabis regulations should be. Should we regulate it like alcohol? Or should we consider cannabis a vegetable no more dangerous than a carrot?

“I think that the polarization that exists in this industry exists in the country,” says Leah, so there’s no easy answer.

Unintended Consequences

Bill Gates & Justin Trudeau

But one thing to watch out for is the unintended consequences of regulation. Leah recalls visiting Africa, particularly Botswana, about a year ago.

“The Gates Foundation had contributed billions of dollars worth of mosquito nets,” Leah recalls.

They thought that giving people mosquito nets would eliminate malaria. But what they didn’t understand is that [the Bostwanans] needed food. So what the people did was they used the nets to fish with. But the nets were covered with pesticides. It killed off all the fish. And you still have malaria, and you have no food, and it’s because there wasn’t really a holistic decision in that instance. [The Gates Foundation] wasn’t informed enough to answer what the real primary need was.

Unintended consequences are an unavoidable fact of life. In Canada, for example, the government legalized cannabis from a position of stigma and propaganda. The result is a thriving black market catering to consumer demands the legal market can’t fulfil.

With that in mind, we asked Leah how likely, on a scale of one to ten, would the United States legalize and regulate according to rational and holistic principles? Will authorities regulate cannabis like fish?

If ten is the ideal and one is stigma and propaganda, what’s the verdict?

“I think it’s going to be less than 5,” says Leah. And like the situation in Canada or the more restricted US legal states, the consequences of regulating from stigma suggest a robust illicit market.

“You can decide to go the legal route or you can decide to go the illegal route,” says Leah. “But you’re not going to make it go away.”





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